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Psychology 1000 Zimmerman > Chapter 15+16 > Flashcards

Chapter 15+16 Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychopathology

A

manifestation of psych disorder

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2
Q

Inaccurate definitions of psychopathology and there problems

A

*infrequent behavior/mental processes
-violation of cultural standards
-causing personal discomfort
Problems:
-varies w/culture
-subjective

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3
Q

How psychologist define psych disorder

A
  1. disturbances in thoughts, feelings and behaviors
  2. disturbances reflect biological, psychological or developmental disfunction
  3. disturbances lead to stress/disability
  4. disturbances dont reflect cultural standards
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4
Q

David Rosenhan famous study

A

He and colleagues faked having psych disorders

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5
Q

Supernatural perspective

A

attributed psychopathology to sources beyond scientific understanding

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6
Q

Biological Perspective

A

psych disorders linked to biological perspective (chem imbalance)

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7
Q

Diagnostic & statistical manual of mental disorders

A

classification system describing disorders features and characteristics
*research tool

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8
Q

International classification of diseases

A

system that describes disorders and used to examine health of populations
*clinical tool

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9
Q

What is most common disorder

A

Anxiety

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10
Q

Where is depression most prevalent

A

parts of the world with less sunlight

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11
Q

What is anxiety

A

felling of apprehension or tension during stress

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12
Q

Anxiety disorder

A

excessive and persistent fear or anxiety related to disturbances in behavior

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13
Q

Phobia

A

intense irrational fear of specific object, event or situations

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14
Q

Comorbidity

A

the simultaneous presence of two chronic diseases or conditions in a patient

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15
Q

Categories of phobic disorder

A
  1. specific phobias- fear of specific objects/situations

2. argoraphobia-fear of public places

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16
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

fear/avoidance of social situations

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17
Q

Safety behaviors

A

mental behavior acts that reduce chance of negative social outcomes

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18
Q

Panic disorder

A

recurrent and unexpected panic attacks

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19
Q

Panic attack

A

sudden period of extreme fear/discomfort

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20
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

chronic, excessive, pointless worry

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21
Q

Symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder

A
  • restlessness
  • fatigue
  • concentration problems
  • irritability
  • muscle tension
  • sleep disturbances
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22
Q

OCD

A

intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and performing repetitive ritualistic behaviors (compulsions) to fend off thoughts

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23
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder

A

obsessive focus on perceived flaw in appearance

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24
Q

PTSD characteristics

A
  • distressing memories of event
  • reliving event/flashbacks
  • avoiding stimuli related to event
  • negative emotions
  • jumpiness
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25
Q

mood disorders

A

sever disturbances in mood and emotions

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26
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

having depressed mood and loss interest/pleasure in normal activities

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27
Q

Characteristics of depression

A
  • appetite disturbance
  • sleep disturbance
  • lethargy
  • worthlessness
  • difficulty concentrating
  • sucicidal idealtion
  • psychomotor aviation/retardation
28
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

mood cycles between depression and mania

29
Q

Mania

A

extended state of intense wild elation

30
Q

schizophrenia

A

major disturbances in thoughts, perception, emotions and behavior

31
Q

Postitive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

amplifications/exaggerations of normal functioning

  • hallucinations
  • delusions
  • disorganized behavior/thought
32
Q

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

reduces normal functioning

  • emotional blunting
  • avoliton
  • social withdrawal
  • anhedonia (experiencing no pleasure)
33
Q

Dopamine hypothesis

A

excess dopamine or too many receptors cause schizophrenia

34
Q

Problems with dopamine hypothesis

A
  • dopamine levels may go down immediately but symptoms may take longer
  • not all schizophenircs respond to dopamine drugs
35
Q

3 personality culters

A
  1. narcisictic
  2. antisocial
  3. borderline
36
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder

A

exaggerated sense of self importance and sense of entitlement/ehorgance

37
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

no regard/feelings for others feelings/rights

38
Q

3 tendencies of antisocial personality disorder

A
  1. disinhibition: impulsive
  2. boldness: calm in threatening situations
  3. meaness
39
Q

Psychopath vs sociopath

A

Psychopath is charming, calculating and seems normal
vs.
sociopath impulsive and obviously disturbed

40
Q

ADHD

A

attention difficulty, hyperactivity and impulsiveness

41
Q

Autism spectrum disorder

A

developmental disorder that impairs ability to communicate and interact

42
Q

3 reasons people don’t seek treatment

A
  1. don’t know they have treatable disorder
  2. beliefs/circumstances
  3. structural barriers physically prevent
43
Q

Psychotherapy

A

interactions between clinical and someone with psychological disorder

44
Q

Biomedical therapy

A

use of drugs/medical procedures

45
Q

spontaneous remission

A

expected improvement

46
Q

Psychodynamic pschyotherapy

A

explore childhood events to give insight to problems

47
Q

4 things that occur during psychotherapy

A
  1. Dream analysis
  2. Free association-clients says whatever comes to mind
  3. Resistance
  4. Transference- client transfers feeling to analyst
48
Q

Behavioral therapy

A

learning principles to change undesirable behavior

49
Q

Aversive conditioning

A

pairing unpleasant stimuli with undesired behavior

50
Q

Exposure therapy

A

presenting stimulus that causes problem until use to it

*used with phobias

51
Q

Token economy

A

reinforcing desired behavior with redeemable token

52
Q

Contingency contracting

A

creating goal with contract and enforcing with reinforcement and punishment

53
Q

Observational learning (as behavioral therapy)

A

imitating desirable behavior

54
Q

Cognitive therapy

A

identifying and changing thoughts about ones self, other and world

55
Q

Cognitive restructuring

A

teaching client to question maladaptive thoughts and replace with rational

56
Q

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

A

blend of cognitive and behavioral therapy

57
Q

Disadvantages of group therapy

A

less individual attention

58
Q

Advantages of group therapy

A
  • support with people like you
  • good for addiction recovery
  • cheaper
59
Q

Drug therapy

A

disorders controlled by drugs that affect neurotrosmitters

60
Q

Antipsychotic drugs

A

treat schizophrenia and other disorders by reducing dopamine (DA)
*increase tar dive dyskinesia

61
Q

Atypical antipsychotics

A

reduce DA and saritonin 5-HI

*increase obesity and diabetes

62
Q

Mood stabilizers

A

suppress mood swings between mania and depression by altering transmission of neural impulses

63
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

giving electric shock to brain that induces seizure and alleviates depression
*disorientation, confusion and memory loss

64
Q

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

A

placing magnets over scalp to alter neural activity

*non-invasive and fewer side effects than ECT

65
Q

Psychosurgery

A

surgical destruction of specific brain area

66
Q

Lobotomies

A

removing/destroying part of frontal lobes

Psychology 1000 Zimmerman (3 decks)

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