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Psychology 1000 Zimmerman > Chapter 15+16 > Flashcards

Chapter 15+16 Flashcards

1
Q

Psychopathology

A

manifestation of psych disorder

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2
Q

Inaccurate definitions of psychopathology and there problems

A

*infrequent behavior/mental processes
-violation of cultural standards
-causing personal discomfort
Problems:
-varies w/culture
-subjective

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3
Q

How psychologist define psych disorder

A
  1. disturbances in thoughts, feelings and behaviors
  2. disturbances reflect biological, psychological or developmental disfunction
  3. disturbances lead to stress/disability
  4. disturbances dont reflect cultural standards
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4
Q

David Rosenhan famous study

A

He and colleagues faked having psych disorders

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5
Q

Supernatural perspective

A

attributed psychopathology to sources beyond scientific understanding

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6
Q

Biological Perspective

A

psych disorders linked to biological perspective (chem imbalance)

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7
Q

Diagnostic & statistical manual of mental disorders

A

classification system describing disorders features and characteristics
*research tool

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8
Q

International classification of diseases

A

system that describes disorders and used to examine health of populations
*clinical tool

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9
Q

What is most common disorder

A

Anxiety

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10
Q

Where is depression most prevalent

A

parts of the world with less sunlight

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11
Q

What is anxiety

A

felling of apprehension or tension during stress

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12
Q

Anxiety disorder

A

excessive and persistent fear or anxiety related to disturbances in behavior

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13
Q

Phobia

A

intense irrational fear of specific object, event or situations

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14
Q

Comorbidity

A

the simultaneous presence of two chronic diseases or conditions in a patient

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15
Q

Categories of phobic disorder

A
  1. specific phobias- fear of specific objects/situations

2. argoraphobia-fear of public places

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16
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

fear/avoidance of social situations

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17
Q

Safety behaviors

A

mental behavior acts that reduce chance of negative social outcomes

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18
Q

Panic disorder

A

recurrent and unexpected panic attacks

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19
Q

Panic attack

A

sudden period of extreme fear/discomfort

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20
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

chronic, excessive, pointless worry

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21
Q

Symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder

A
  • restlessness
  • fatigue
  • concentration problems
  • irritability
  • muscle tension
  • sleep disturbances
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22
Q

OCD

A

intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and performing repetitive ritualistic behaviors (compulsions) to fend off thoughts

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23
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder

A

obsessive focus on perceived flaw in appearance

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24
Q

PTSD characteristics

A
  • distressing memories of event
  • reliving event/flashbacks
  • avoiding stimuli related to event
  • negative emotions
  • jumpiness
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25
mood disorders
sever disturbances in mood and emotions
26
Major depressive disorder
having depressed mood and loss interest/pleasure in normal activities
27
Characteristics of depression
- appetite disturbance - sleep disturbance - lethargy - worthlessness - difficulty concentrating - sucicidal idealtion - psychomotor aviation/retardation
28
Bipolar disorder
mood cycles between depression and mania
29
Mania
extended state of intense wild elation
30
schizophrenia
major disturbances in thoughts, perception, emotions and behavior
31
Postitive symptoms of schizophrenia
amplifications/exaggerations of normal functioning - hallucinations - delusions - disorganized behavior/thought
32
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
reduces normal functioning - emotional blunting - avoliton - social withdrawal - anhedonia (experiencing no pleasure)
33
Dopamine hypothesis
excess dopamine or too many receptors cause schizophrenia
34
Problems with dopamine hypothesis
- dopamine levels may go down immediately but symptoms may take longer - not all schizophenircs respond to dopamine drugs
35
3 personality culters
1. narcisictic 2. antisocial 3. borderline
36
Narcissistic personality disorder
exaggerated sense of self importance and sense of entitlement/ehorgance
37
Antisocial personality disorder
no regard/feelings for others feelings/rights
38
3 tendencies of antisocial personality disorder
1. disinhibition: impulsive 2. boldness: calm in threatening situations 3. meaness
39
Psychopath vs sociopath
Psychopath is charming, calculating and seems normal vs. sociopath impulsive and obviously disturbed
40
ADHD
attention difficulty, hyperactivity and impulsiveness
41
Autism spectrum disorder
developmental disorder that impairs ability to communicate and interact
42
3 reasons people don't seek treatment
1. don't know they have treatable disorder 2. beliefs/circumstances 3. structural barriers physically prevent
43
Psychotherapy
interactions between clinical and someone with psychological disorder
44
Biomedical therapy
use of drugs/medical procedures
45
spontaneous remission
expected improvement
46
Psychodynamic pschyotherapy
explore childhood events to give insight to problems
47
4 things that occur during psychotherapy
1. Dream analysis 2. Free association-clients says whatever comes to mind 3. Resistance 4. Transference- client transfers feeling to analyst
48
Behavioral therapy
learning principles to change undesirable behavior
49
Aversive conditioning
pairing unpleasant stimuli with undesired behavior
50
Exposure therapy
presenting stimulus that causes problem until use to it | *used with phobias
51
Token economy
reinforcing desired behavior with redeemable token
52
Contingency contracting
creating goal with contract and enforcing with reinforcement and punishment
53
Observational learning (as behavioral therapy)
imitating desirable behavior
54
Cognitive therapy
identifying and changing thoughts about ones self, other and world
55
Cognitive restructuring
teaching client to question maladaptive thoughts and replace with rational
56
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
blend of cognitive and behavioral therapy
57
Disadvantages of group therapy
less individual attention
58
Advantages of group therapy
- support with people like you - good for addiction recovery * cheaper
59
Drug therapy
disorders controlled by drugs that affect neurotrosmitters
60
Antipsychotic drugs
treat schizophrenia and other disorders by reducing dopamine (DA) *increase tar dive dyskinesia
61
Atypical antipsychotics
reduce DA and saritonin 5-HI | *increase obesity and diabetes
62
Mood stabilizers
suppress mood swings between mania and depression by altering transmission of neural impulses
63
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
giving electric shock to brain that induces seizure and alleviates depression *disorientation, confusion and memory loss
64
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
placing magnets over scalp to alter neural activity | *non-invasive and fewer side effects than ECT
65
Psychosurgery
surgical destruction of specific brain area
66
Lobotomies
removing/destroying part of frontal lobes

Psychology 1000 Zimmerman (3 decks)

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