Chapter #15 Flashcards
what is culture?
refers to a collective understanding of the way the world works, shared by
members of a group & passed down across generations.
characteristics of culture?
- Versatility: Culture can change and adapt.
- Sharing: Culture is the product of people sharing
- Accumulation: Cultural knowledge is cumulative (information is “stored”)
- Patterns: There are systematic and predictable ways of behavior or thinking across members of a culture
individualism?
Individualists define themselves as individuals.
* They seek personal freedom and prefer to voice their own opinions and make their own decisions
collectivism?
Collectivists are more likely to emphasize their connectedness to
others.
* They are more likely to sacrifice their personal preferences if those preferences come in conflict with the preferences of the larger group.
self-construal?
he way people define the way they “fit” in relation to others.
Cross-cultural studies?
use standard forms of measurement to compare and contrast people from different cultures.
Cultural relativism?
the principle of regarding and valuing
the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture.
Universalist camp?
emotions evolved as a response to the environments of our ancestors and are the same across cultures
Social constructivist camp?
humans evolved to adapt to their distinctive environments and thus emotions are culturally variable
independent self?
express emotions to influence others
interdependent self?
control and suppress emotions to adjust to others.
Ethnocentric bias?
The research is influenced by personal biases that might impact the research outcomes.
cultural intelligence?
The ability to understand why members of other cultures act the ways they do.
