chapter 15

Question 1

trace minerals

Answer 1

• less than 100 mg/day required
• less than 5 g found in the body

Question 2

heme iron

Answer 2

found in animal flesh
* easier to absorb

Question 3

nonheme iron

Answer 3

found in vegetables, grain, supplements, and iron cookware

Question 4

what is the most common deficiency in the US

Answer 4

iron

Question 5

ferroportin-1

Answer 5

transports iron from enterocyte to blood

Question 6

transferrin

Answer 6

carrier protein in blood that delivers irion to cells

Question 7

hepcidin

Answer 7

a liver hormone that decreass iron bioavailability

Question 8

key functions of iron

Answer 8

participates in oxidation and reduction reactions

Question 9

iron-deficiency anemia

Answer 9

• leads to decrease in hemoglobin synthesis
• RBCs microcytic and hypochromic

Question 10

hemochromatosis

Answer 10

genetic disorder that causes iron to accumulate in the body

Question 11

zinc induces the synthesis of

Answer 11

metallothionein

Question 12

synthesis of metallothionein leads to

Answer 12

mucosal block when a person’s zinc intake is high

Question 13

most significant symptom of zinc deficiency seen in children

Answer 13

delayed growth and sexual maturation

Question 14

taking excessive amounts of zinc supplements can cause

Answer 14

copper deficiency

Question 15

ceruloplasmin

Answer 15

enzyme that stores most of the body’s copper supply and also oxidizes iron

Question 16

loss of function in the ATP7B gene leads to

Answer 16

copper overload (Wilson disease)

Question 17

phytic acid

Answer 17

found in grain, decreases absorption of zinc and other minerals

Question 18

oxalic acid

Answer 18

found in leafy green vegetables, most significant effect is binding calcium and iron

Question 19

polyphenols

Answer 19

found in tea, coffee, dark chocolate,etc. bind a variety of minerals

Question 20

where do people get fluoride from

Answer 20

tap water

Question 21

benefit of fluoride

Answer 21

reduction in dental caries

Question 22

selenium is required for

Answer 22

the selenoprotiens gluthaione peroxidase and deiondinase

Question 23

iodine deficiency leads to

Answer 23

goiter formation

Question 24

chromium deficiency resembles

Answer 24

tpye 2 diabetes, likely has a role in insulin signaling and glucose control