Chapter 15

Question 1

Metabolism/ Intermediary metabolism

Question 2

Metabolomics

Answer 2

is the study of metabolites and the chemical reactions they undergo during physiological and pathological conditions.

Question 3

Metabolic Pathways

Answer 3

Fuels are degraded and large molecules are constructed step by step in a series of linked reactions called

Question 4

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 4

links energy-releasing pathways with energy-requiring pathways.

Question 5

fuels powers the formation of ATP

Answer 5

The oxidation of carbon

Question 6

Catabolism (definition)

Answer 6

breaking down big, complex molecules into smaller ones. Transforming fuels into cellular energy

Question 7

what happens during catabolism

Answer 7

Fuel (carbs, fats—–(catabolism)—–> CO2 + H20 + useful energy

Question 8

Anabolism (deinition)

Answer 8

building molecules from smaller ones. For example, synthesizing glucose, fats or DNA

Question 9

Anabolism (equation) what happens during it

Answer 9

Useful energy + simple precursors—-(anabolism)—> complex molecules

Question 10

Amphibolic

Answer 10

pathways that are both catabolism and anabolism

Question 11

What are thermodynamically favored reactions?

Answer 11

When Delta G is negative, a spontaneous reaction.

Question 12

ATP is composed of

Answer 12

adenine, a ribose, and a triphosphate unit

Question 13

ATP will break down in to

Answer 13

ADP and Pi or to AMP and PPi

Question 14

ATP hydrolysis is

Answer 14

EXERGONIC

Question 15

Phosphorylation of nucleoside monophosphates is catalyzed by

Answer 15

a family of nucleoside monophosphate kinases.

Question 16

exogenic vs

Question 17

what 2 pathways must a thermodynamic equation satisfy

Answer 17

The individual reactions must be specific

The entire set of reactions that constitute the pathway must be thermodynamically favored

Question 18

what kind of reaction happens when delta G is negative

Answer 18

Spontaneous reaction

Question 19

ATP is composed of

Answer 19

adenine, a ribose, and a triphosphate unit

Question 20

triphosphate unit contains__phosphoanhydride bonds

Answer 20

2

Question 21

ATP will break down to

Answer 21

ADP and Pi or to AMP and PPi

Question 22

How is a Phosphorylation of nucleoside monophosphates is catalyzed by ___

Answer 22

a family of nucleoside monophosphate kinases.

Question 23

is ATP hydrolysis exergonic

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Phosphorylation

Question 25

kinase

Question 26

Energy from foodstuffs is extracted in three stages:

Question 27

pyridine nucleotides (NAD+)

Question 28

flavins (FAD).

Question 29

thermodynamically unfavorable

Question 30

what kind of reaction when DELTA G is negative

Answer 30

spontaneous reaction

Question 31

spontaneous reaction

Question 32

why is atp energy rich

Answer 32

bc of its triphosphate which has 2 phosphohydride

Question 33

exergonic

Answer 33

releases energy

Question 34

What makes ATP an efficient phosphoryl-group donor?

Answer 34

Four factors are important: resonance stabilization, electrostatic repulsion, increase in entropy and stabilization due to hydration.

Question 35

resonance stabalization

Question 36

electrostatic repulsion

Question 37

entropy

Question 38

stabilization (due to hydration)

Question 39

Recurring Motifs

Question 40

phosphoryl transfer from ATP is an ________ process

Answer 40

exergonic

Question 41

substrate