Chapter 15 Flashcards
Metabolism/ Intermediary metabolism
Metabolomics
is the study of metabolites and the chemical reactions they undergo during physiological and pathological conditions.
Metabolic Pathways
Fuels are degraded and large molecules are constructed step by step in a series of linked reactions called
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
links energy-releasing pathways with energy-requiring pathways.
fuels powers the formation of ATP
The oxidation of carbon
Catabolism (definition)
breaking down big, complex molecules into smaller ones. Transforming fuels into cellular energy
what happens during catabolism
Fuel (carbs, fats—–(catabolism)—–> CO2 + H20 + useful energy
Anabolism (deinition)
building molecules from smaller ones. For example, synthesizing glucose, fats or DNA
Anabolism (equation) what happens during it
Useful energy + simple precursors—-(anabolism)—> complex molecules
Amphibolic
pathways that are both catabolism and anabolism
What are thermodynamically favored reactions?
When Delta G is negative, a spontaneous reaction.
ATP is composed of
adenine, a ribose, and a triphosphate unit
ATP will break down in to
ADP and Pi or to AMP and PPi
ATP hydrolysis is
EXERGONIC
Phosphorylation of nucleoside monophosphates is catalyzed by
a family of nucleoside monophosphate kinases.
exogenic vs
what 2 pathways must a thermodynamic equation satisfy
The individual reactions must be specific
The entire set of reactions that constitute the pathway must be thermodynamically favored
what kind of reaction happens when delta G is negative
Spontaneous reaction
ATP is composed of
adenine, a ribose, and a triphosphate unit
triphosphate unit contains__phosphoanhydride bonds
2
ATP will break down to
ADP and Pi or to AMP and PPi
How is a Phosphorylation of nucleoside monophosphates is catalyzed by ___
a family of nucleoside monophosphate kinases.
is ATP hydrolysis exergonic
True
Phosphorylation
kinase
Energy from foodstuffs is extracted in three stages:
pyridine nucleotides (NAD+)
flavins (FAD).
thermodynamically unfavorable
what kind of reaction when DELTA G is negative
spontaneous reaction
spontaneous reaction
why is atp energy rich
bc of its triphosphate which has 2 phosphohydride
exergonic
releases energy
What makes ATP an efficient phosphoryl-group donor?
Four factors are important: resonance stabilization, electrostatic repulsion, increase in entropy and stabilization due to hydration.
resonance stabalization
electrostatic repulsion
entropy
stabilization (due to hydration)
Recurring Motifs
phosphoryl transfer from ATP is an ________ process
exergonic
substrate
