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America and the World II > Chapter 14:WWII Pt.2 > Flashcards

Chapter 14:WWII Pt.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are Individual Rights?

A

Powers or privileges a person is entitled to that cannot be infringed.

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2
Q

What is national security?

A

Providing safety for a country by defending it against invasion, espionage, sabotage, or control by foreign powers.

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3
Q

What is espionage?

A

The practice of spying or using spies, typically by governments to obtain political and military information.

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4
Q

Individual rights are…

A

Relative, not absolute

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5
Q

What is the criteria commonly used to determine limits placed on individual rights?

A
  • National security is at risk
  • A clear and present danger exists
  • Public safety risk
  • Libel
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6
Q

What is Libel?

A

False statements that can harm reputations. Also known as slander.

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7
Q

What was Pearl Harbors impact on Japanese Americans?

A
  • Fear about national security
  • Fear of more Japanese attacks
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8
Q

What is executive order #9066?

A

Empowered the US Army to divide the west coast into military zones from which all persons of Japanese ancestry.

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9
Q

How many people of Japanese ancestry were living on the West Coast at the time?

A

122,000, 77,000 of them were America Citizens

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10
Q

What is Internment?

A

Forced relocation of a group of people, internment to confine, impound.

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11
Q

What was the most famous case?

A

Karematsu vs. United States

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12
Q

How many internment camps were established?

A

10 camps

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13
Q

What states had internment camps?

A

Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming

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14
Q

What were the internment camps like?

A

Families lived in substandard housing with inadequate nutrition and healthcare and livelihoods were destroyed.

It was in a military barrack style with no privacy and communal eating areas.

The camps had its own schools, post office, sports, and farms.

There was barbed wire.

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15
Q

How was the Grave Injustice Against Japanese Americans rectified? (Made right)⭐️

A

Some were given pay

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16
Q

What country did japan take in 1931?

A

Manchuria

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17
Q

Why did Japan take Manchuria?

A

Wanted to expand territory like Germany. They also wanted more resources and living space.

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18
Q

Why did Japan continue to make Brutal Aggressions against China in 1937?

A

They had a shortage of natural resources like oil. They also wanted their own colonies.

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19
Q

Describe Pearl Harbor

A

Japan intended to cripple naval fleet of ships and move quickly to expand in the pacific.

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20
Q

Who had the early advantage?

A

Japan

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21
Q

Name the four locations that were invaded on the same day as Pearl Harbor.

A
  • American Controlled Wake Islands
  • American-Controlled Guam
  • British island of Hong Kong
  • British colony of Malaya
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22
Q

Describe the fighting conditions in the Pacific.

A

Sandy, brutal heat, humidity, hunger, and many insects. Miles of ocean and variety of terrain and climate. Tropical rainforests and hellish volcanic wastelands. Temperatures above 100 degrees and high humidity.

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23
Q

What was a MAJOR target for the Japanese?

A

Philippines

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24
Q

Who took command of the vital bases in the Philippines in the summer of 1941.

A

General Douglas MacArthur

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25
Q

What did MacArthur develop?

A

Island hopping

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26
Q

Where did MacArthur and his men retreat to when the Japanese were advancing?

A

Island or Corregidor and the Bataan Peninsula.

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27
Q

What was the Bataan Peninsula?

A

A swampy tract of land just 25 miles long and 20 miles wide.

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28
Q

What did MacArthur say when leaving his men?

A

“I shall return”

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29
Q

What did the soldiers call themselves when MacArthur left?

A

“Battling bastards of Bataan”

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30
Q

What happened in March 1942?

A

The US surrendered and gave up the Philippines.

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31
Q

What happened after the Us surrendered?

A

The Bataan Death March

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32
Q

Describe the Bataan death march.

A

76,000 exhausted soldiers marched 60 miles for 5 days and 5 nights.

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33
Q

What happened to the soldiers that tried to sneak a drink of water or collapsed?

A

They were shot

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34
Q

What was the death toll of the march?

A

10,000

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35
Q

What happened on the Japanese “Death Ships”?

A

Men were tortured, malnourished, and riddled with disease.

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36
Q

How many soldiers died during the three years of confinement?

A

11,500

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37
Q

Who said “There are times when men have to die”?

A

American secretary of war, Henry Stimson

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38
Q

Who led the Air Raids and caught the Japanese by surprise?

A

James Doolittle

39
Q

What was the Aircraft carrier that was used for the planes called?

A

USS Hornet

40
Q

How many aircrafts were used in the raid?

A

16 B-25 bombers

41
Q

Where was Midway located?

A

Between Japan and Hawaii

42
Q

Why was the Battle of Midway a turning point in the Pacific?

A

It had troubled Japanese leaders and they wanted to stop any future raids on their homeland.

43
Q

What was the Japanese plan?

A

Attack American-held Midway Island in hopes to lure the American fleet into the area and destroy them.

44
Q

What advantages did the Japanese have?

A

Number of ships and carriers. Americans had 3 carriers and 8 cruisers while Japan had 8 carriers and 22 cruisers. They also had many battleships.

45
Q

What advantages did the Americans have?

A

Naval intelligence that intercepted Japanese signals and broke code.

46
Q

Who led Japan’s plan?

A

Yamamoto

47
Q

What was Americas plan?

A

Chester Nimitz placed his 3 carriers 300 miles north of midway. Prevent a troop landing at midway and avoid contact with the larger Japanese fleet.

48
Q

What happened as Japan planes raced back to refuel?

A

US planes struck at the most vulnerable time and bombs made the Japanese planes into burning infernos.

49
Q

What was the result of the Battle of Midway?

A

US sank 4 Japanese carriers and 200 airplanes. It was one of the most decisive victories in the Pacific. Became. turning point in the war of the pacific.

50
Q

What was MacArthurs plan for the allies?

A

Leap frog from island to island moving nearer and nearer to the enemy, Japan.

51
Q

What was island hopping?

A

Island to island moving nearer and nearer to the enemy.

52
Q

Who commanded ships during the battle of midway?

A

Chester Nimitz

53
Q

Who was the commander of the allied forces in the South West pacific?

A

Douglas MacArthur

54
Q

Who was the commander in chief of the pacific fleet?

A

Chester Nimitz

55
Q

Who were the Navajo Code Talkers?

A

400 native Americans of the Navajo nation and served as code talkers.

56
Q

What was the main job of the Navajo code talkers?

A

To translate messages into coded versions of the Navajo language so the Japanese couldn’t crack the code.

57
Q

Who won the battle of Leyte gulf?

A

The allies

58
Q

What was the biggest naval battle ever fought?

A

Battle of Leyte gulf

59
Q

What does kamikaze translate to?

A

“Divine Wind”

60
Q

What were the Kamikaze attacks?

A

A desperate move on the part of the Japanese to hold the Philippines. Used aircrafts to crash into allied ships.

61
Q

What does “Iwo Jima” mean?

A

Sulfur Island

62
Q

What made Iwo Jima a main target?

A

Capture the island to provide a base to launch B-29s and the three airstrips that the Japanese had used to launch their Kamikaze attacks.

63
Q

What made it easy to pick off American troops?

A

Miles of tunnels, caves, and bunkers

64
Q

What happened on February 19, 1945?

A

450 invasion ships with 70,000 US marines charge the black beaches against the opposing 27,000 Japanese.

65
Q

What had the Japanese sworn to do before they themselves died?

A

Kill at least 10 American soldiers

66
Q

What was the southern tip of the island called?

A

Mount Suribachi

67
Q

Who photographed the Marines who raised the American flag?

A

Joe Rosenthal

68
Q

What were the losses of Iwo Jima?

A

7,000 American and 19,000 Japanese deaths.

69
Q

What was used to bomb Tokyo and drop the A-bombs?

A

B-29 Bomber

70
Q

Who made the B-29 bomber?

A

Boeing

71
Q

How many days were spent at Okinawa?

A

82

72
Q

What was the goal at Okinawa?

A

Gain Okinawa as a launch pad for the final invasion of Japan.

73
Q

What was the operation of taking Okinawa named?

A

Operation Iceberg

74
Q

Who were the leaders of the Japanese that committed suicide after Okinawa?

A

Generals Ushijima and Sho

75
Q

Who said “I depart without regret, shame, or obligations”?

A

General Sho

76
Q

What happened on April 12, 1945?

A

FDR dies

77
Q

What happened on April 30th, 1945?

A

Hitler commits suicide

78
Q

Who was the president after FDR died?

A

Harry Truman

79
Q

Who was the Prime Minister after Churchill was voted out?

A

Clement Atlee

80
Q

Who was the only original member that attended the conference?

A

Joseph Stalin

81
Q

What was the Manhattan project?

A

Top secret American program to build an Atomic bomb.

82
Q

Who led the Manhattan project?

A

Lesley Groves

83
Q

Who led the scientific research for the Manhattan project?

A

Robert Oppenheimer

84
Q

What did Robert Oppenheimer say after the bomb dropped?

A

“I am become death, the shatterer of all worlds.”

85
Q

What was “Little Boy”?

A

A uranium bomb lifted off from Tinium island.

86
Q

Who was the pilot for Little Boy and what was the aircrafts name?

A

Paul Tibbits. Aircrafts name was Enola Gay after his mother.

87
Q

What was the target for little boy?

A

Hiroshima

88
Q

What was “Fat Man”?

A

A plutonium bomb that lifted off from Tinium named Bocks Car.

89
Q

Who was the Pilot for fat man?

A

Charles Sweeney

90
Q

What was the impact of dropping atomic bombs?

A
  1. Brought the beginning of nuclear age
  2. Introduced a new weapon that will forever change the nature of the war.
  3. Altered the balance of power as the US gained status as a “Superpower”
91
Q

What is V-J Day?

A

Victory in Japan Day.

92
Q

Where were the Japanese war crimes trial held?

A

Tokyo

93
Q

What happened in September 2, 1945

A

Hideki Tojo was executed

America and the World II (3 decks)

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