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Week 5 Block test 6 > Chapter 14 Ventilation > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

Ventilation

A

is the process of removing smoke, heat, and toxic gases from a burning building and replacing them with cooler, cleaner, more oxygen rich air.

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2
Q

Three products of combustion

A
  1. smoke
  2. heat
  3. toxic gases
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3
Q

Chase

A

smoke heat and toxic gases will spread horizontally, along the ceiling until they find a path such as a stair way elevator shaft.

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4
Q

Mushrooming

A

as smoke accumulates it raises then banks down

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5
Q

Seat of fire

A

the main area of the fire

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6
Q

Backdraft is resolved with what type of ventilation?

A

Vertical Ventilation

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7
Q

Mechanical Ventilation

A

used to direct the flow of combustion gases using negative and positive pressure fans

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8
Q

Negative pressure ventilation

A

fans can be used to draw or pull smoke smoke through openings

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9
Q

Positive Pressure ventilation

A

introduce fresh air to displace smoke and other products of combustion.

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10
Q

Hydraulic Ventilation

A

Sweet spot 2-4 ft. from opening stream should cover 85-90% of opening. 30 degree power cone stream

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11
Q

Convection

A

refers to the transfer of heat through a circulating medium of liquid or gas.

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12
Q

Wind and atmospheric forces

A

Leeward (downwind) do not ventilate

Windward- clears room of smoke and heat

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13
Q

Fire Resistive Construction Type 1

A

Hard to ventilate- Pipe chase fire spread, Leap frogging

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14
Q

Leap Frogging

A

fire can also spread from one floor to another through exterior windows a phenomenon

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15
Q

Ordinary Construction Type 3

A

Cock lofts (vertical vent.) , void spaces in wall plumbing and electrical chases

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16
Q

Word-Frame Construction Type 5

A

newer platform frame techniques prevent spread

ballon framing spread fire lateral quickly

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17
Q

Tactical priorities

A
  1. Venting for Life Safety
  2. Venting for Fire Containment
  3. Venting for Property Conservation
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18
Q

Vet. for life safety

A

helps to clear smoke, heat, and toxic gases from the structure, which gives occupants a better chance to survive and FF enabled to advance hose

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19
Q

Vent. for Fire Containment

A

limits fire spread, less heat more visibility helps fire fighters to advance and extinguish fire

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20
Q

Vent. for Property conservation

A

limits damages associated with smoke, heat, water and overhaul operations can all be reduced.

21
Q

Where should ventilation be located?

A

Directly over seat of fire/ through open door or window that opens outside.

22
Q

Types of ventilation

A

Horizontal (usually used on residential fires), Vertical (roofs/floors)

23
Q

Horizontal Ventilation

A

tactics- natural and mechanical
commonly used on residential fires.
1. generally fast and easy to use
2. can be used from inside or outside
3. most effective when opening is directly to outside
4. may utilize natural and mechanical method.
5. Unburned side to burned side

24
Q

Natural Ventilation

A

Depends on convection current, wind and other natural air movements to allow a contaminated atmosphere to flow out of a structure.

25
Q

Mechanical Ventilation

A

horizontal tactic that uses positive- introduces fresh air and negative pressure fans “ejectors”

26
Q

Hydraulic Ventilation

A

another form of mechanical ventilation that uses a broken fog stream, power cone to move smoke gases out

27
Q

Sounding

A

is a way to test the stability of a roof with a tool such as an axe or pike pole

28
Q

Basic indicators of roof collapse

A
  1. spongy roofs
  2. any visible indication of sagging
  3. any indication that the roof assembly is separating from the walls such as the appearance of fire or smoke near the roof edges
  4. structural failure of any portion of the building even if it is some distance from the ventilation operation
  5. sudden increase in the intensity of the fire from the roof opening
29
Q

Roof covering

A

constitutes the weather resistant surface of the roof and may have several (shingles, gravel, rubber foam and metal panels

30
Q

Roof decking

A

rigid layer made of wooden boards plywood sheets or metal panels, water proof membrane and insulation.

31
Q

Gusset plates

A

2x4 wood pieces can be connected gusset plates they fail quickly in a fire

32
Q

pitched roof laths

A

thin parallel strips of wood instead of solid sheeting to support the outer covering

33
Q

Arched roofs

A

generally found in commercial structures because they create large open spans without requiring the use of columns. (bowstring 6-20 ft.) collapse is sudden and quick

34
Q

Triangular cut

A

works well on metal roof decking because it prevents the decking from rolling away as it is cut.

35
Q

Peak Cuts

A

limited to peaked roofs sheeted with plywood, 4x8 ft.

36
Q

Trench Cut (defensive ventilation tactic)

A

ventilation is used to stop fire spread in long narrow buildings such as strip malls and small storage complexes. (strip malls, tench cut creates a large opening ahead of the fire by removing a section of fuel and letting heated smoke and gases flow out of the building.

37
Q

Secondary Cut

A

used to limit the fire spread

38
Q

Primary Cut

A

located over the seat of the fire

39
Q

Concrete roof ventilation

A

difficult to ventilate, use vents skylights and other roof penetrations or horizontal ventilations

40
Q

Ventilating Metal Roof

A

discoloration and warping of this material may indicate the seat of fire. melting tar causes roof to slip

41
Q

Ventilating Basements

A

difficult to ventilate, basements generally have just a few small windows.

42
Q

Stack effect

A

can occur in high rise structures. the stack effect is a response to the differences in temperature inside and outside a building.

43
Q

Cold outside warm inside

A

smoke heat rises

44
Q

hot outside cold inside

A

smoke and heat sinks

45
Q

Ventilating Large Buildings

A

more difficult in large buildings than in smaller ones, sprinkler suppression will cool the smoke cold air fills the area it becomes more difficult to clear, clear areas one at a time.

46
Q

Roof Construction

A
  1. support system truss

2. Roof covering failure OSB, Tile

47
Q

walk on roof at what degree

A

30 degree

48
Q

roof ladder or aerial platform

A

40 degrees or more

49
Q

Smoke/heat follow what path

A

path of least resistance

Week 5 Block test 6 (3 decks)

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