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Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology > Chapter 14: The Brain And Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Chapter 14: The Brain And Cranial Nerves Flashcards

0
Q

___________ is the largest part of the brain.

A

Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain.

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1
Q

The four major parts of the brain are:

A

Cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and diencephalon.

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2
Q

_________ lies between the medulla and midbrain.

A

Pons lies between medulla and midbrain.

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3
Q

Which of the following is not considered as a major part of the brain?
Brainstem, hypothalamus, cerebellum, diencephalon, thalamus.

A

The hypothalamus and the thalamus are not considered to be major parts of the brain.

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4
Q

The two main arteries that bring blood to the brain are:

A

Internal carotid arteries, and vertebral arteries.

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5
Q

The blood brain barrier consists of ______________ that seal together the endothelial cells of brain blood capillaries and a thick ___________
that surrounds the capillaries.

A

Tight junctions, basement membrane.

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6
Q

Active transport: water-soluble/lipid soluble substances?

A

Active transport uses water-soluble substances.

Example: glucose.

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7
Q

Substances that are unable to pass from blood into brain tissues:

A

Proteins, large molecules, and most antibiotic drugs.

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8
Q

Substances that are able to pass freely from blood into brain tissues:

A

Lipid soluble substances, and small molecules.

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9
Q

Which substances are able to pass freely into brain tissue?

A

Lipid soluble substances, small molecules, and most anesthetic agents.

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10
Q

Which are unable to pass into brain tissue?

A

Proteins, large molecules, most antibiotic drugs.

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11
Q

What color is cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Clear and colorless.

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12
Q

Where is cerebrospinal fluid found?

1) central nervous system/peripheral nervous system
2) subdural/subarachnoid space

A

Central nervous system, subarachnoid space.

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13
Q

Which substances does CSF contain?

A

Glucose, proteins, lactic acid, urea, ions, white blood cells.

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14
Q

What substance to CSF not contain?

A

Red blood cells.

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15
Q

What are the three basic functions of CSF?

A

Mechanical protection, homeostasis, and circulation.

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16
Q

Where is the majority of CFS produced?

A

In the coracoid plexuses.

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17
Q

Through what is CFS reabsorbed into the blood?

______________ , which are fingerlike extensions of the arachnoid mater.

A

Arachnoid villi, which are fingerlike extensions of the arachnoid mater.

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18
Q

What are brain waves?

A

Electrical impulses from the brain neurons.

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19
Q

The record of brain waves is called what?

A

An electroencephalogram.

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20
Q

What are alpha waves?

A

Appear in normal individuals when they are awake and resting with their eyes closed; disappear entirely during sleep.

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21
Q

What are beta waves?

A

Appear when the nervous system is active, example during periods of mental activity.

22
Q

What are theta waves?

A

Theta waves appear in children and adults experiencing emotional stress and brain disorders.

23
Q

What are delta waves?

A

Delta waves appear during sleep in adults, but are normal in awake infants.

24
Q

The brainstem consists of three structures:

A

Medulla, Pons, midbrain

25
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Coordinating skilled movements, regulating posture and balance.

26
Q

Diencephalon is superior/posterior to the brainstem, and consists of the:

A

Superior, the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

27
Q

Gyri/Sulci/Fissures are the cortical regions rules and folds on itself.

A

Gyri

28
Q

Gyri/Sulci/Fissures are the shallower grooves between folds.

A

Sulci

29
Q

Gyri/Sulci/Fissures are the deepest grooves between folds.

A

Fissures

30
Q

The limbic system/basal nuclei/corpus callosum is sometimes called the emotional brain.

A

Limbic system.

31
Q

The brainstem:

A

Consists of midbrain, ponds, and the medulla oblongata

32
Q

The diencephalon:

A

Consists of epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus.

33
Q

The cerebellum:

A

Consists of vermis and two hemispheres; helps maintain posture, balance, and movement coordination.

34
Q

Cerebrum:

A

Consists of elevated regions called gyri and shallow grooves called sulci. I

35
Q

Corpus callosum:

A

connects the cerebral hemispheres

36
Q

Which part of the brain consists of midbrain, pons, and the medulla oblongata?

A

The brainstem.

37
Q

Which part of the brain consists of elevated ridges called gyri and shallow grooves called sulci?

A

The cerebrum.

38
Q

Which part of the brain connects the cerebral hemispheres?

A

The corpus callosum.

39
Q

Which part of the brain consists of the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus?

A

The diencephalon.

40
Q

Which part of the brain consists of vermis and two hemispheres; helps maintain posture, balance, and movement coordination?

A

The cerebellum.

41
Q

Which brain disorder is also called a stroke or brain attack?

A

A cerebrovascular accident.

42
Q

Which brain disorder is caused by damage to basal nuclei?

A

Parkinson’s disease.

43
Q

Which brain disorder is a disabling senile dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s disease.

44
Q

Diagram question: where is the frontal lobe located?

A

The frontal lobe is located just behind the forehead, directly above the eyes.

45
Q

Diagram question: where is the parietal lobe located?

A

The parietal lobe is located behind the frontal lobe and above the occipital lobe, towards the crown of the head under the skull.

46
Q

Diagram question: where is the occipital lobe located?

A

The occipital lobe is located towards the back of the head, towards the area of the base of the skull. It is located below the parietal lobe.

47
Q

Diagram question: where is the temporal lobe located?

A

Both temporal lobe’s are located on either side of the head just above the upper portion of the jaw. Just under the temples or temporalis muscles.

48
Q

Diagram question: where is the cerebellum?

A

The cerebellum is located towards the back of the head just below the occipital lobe and temporalis muscles.

49
Q

Diagram question: what does the precedental gyrus look like and where is it located?

A

The precedental gyrus is the superficial roll separating the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe.
(Not to be confused with the crease resembling the line barrier between the frontal lobe and the parietal lobe. That line is the central sulcus.)

50
Q

Diagram question: what does the postcentral gyrus look like and where is it located?

A

The post central gyrus is located as the first superficial roll on the parietal lobe, Separated by the line of the central sulcus and the roll of the precedental gyrus (located in the frontal lobe).

51
Q

Diagram question: What is the central sulcus and where is it located?

A

The central sulcus is the crease line separating the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe.

52
Q

Diagram question: what is the lateral cerebral sulcus and where is it located?

A

The lateral cerebral sulcus focus is the deep crease line that separates the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe and parietal lobe.

Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology (8 decks)

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