Chapter 14 - response to stimuli

Question 1

What is the definition of a stimulus?

Answer 1

A stimulus is any change in the environment that can provoke a response from an organism.

Question 2

What is the role of receptors in response to stimuli?

Answer 2

Receptors detect stimuli and convert them into electrical impulses.

Question 3

True or False: Effectors are organs that bring about a response.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The nervous system is responsible for _____ responses.

Answer 4

rapid

Question 5

What are the two main types of responses to stimuli?

Answer 5

Nervous response and hormonal response.

Question 6

What is the function of a synapse?

Answer 6

A synapse is the junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals.

Question 7

What is a reflex action?

Answer 7

A reflex action is an involuntary and rapid response to a stimulus.

Question 8

Identify the pathway of a reflex arc.

Answer 8

Stimulus → Receptor → Sensory neuron → Relay neuron → Motor neuron → Effector.

Question 9

What is the difference between a voluntary and involuntary response?

Answer 9

Voluntary responses are consciously controlled, while involuntary responses occur automatically without conscious thought.

Question 10

Name the type of neuron that carries impulses from receptors to the central nervous system.

Answer 10

Sensory neuron.

Question 11

What is the role of the central nervous system?

Answer 11

The central nervous system processes information and coordinates responses.

Question 12

True or False: Hormonal responses are usually slower than nervous responses.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What type of cells are involved in the response to stimuli in plants?

Answer 13

Plant cells with receptors, such as auxins.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The _____ is responsible for processing sensory information.

Answer 14

brain

Question 15

What is the function of neurotransmitters?

Answer 15

Neurotransmitters transmit signals across synapses between neurons.

Question 16

What is the role of the motor neuron in a reflex action?

Answer 16

The motor neuron carries the impulse from the relay neuron to the effector.

Question 17

What is an example of a plant response to stimuli?

Answer 17

Phototropism, where plants grow towards light.

Question 18

How do hormones affect responses in the body?

Answer 18

Hormones act as chemical messengers that regulate physiological processes and responses.

Question 19

What is the role of the spinal cord in reflex actions?

Answer 19

The spinal cord facilitates the reflex action by connecting sensory and motor neurons.

Question 20

True or False: All stimuli result in a response.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

What is the term for the process by which organisms detect and respond to their environment?

Answer 21

Sensory processing.

Question 22

What is meant by ‘threshold level’ in response to stimuli?

Answer 22

Threshold level is the minimum stimulus intensity required to trigger a response.

Question 23

What is the function of the endocrine system in response to stimuli?

Answer 23

The endocrine system releases hormones that regulate long-term changes in response to stimuli.

Question 24

What is the primary type of response mediated by the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 24

Involuntary responses.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The _____ is involved in voluntary movement and coordination.

Answer 25

cerebellum

Question 26

What is the role of the hypothalamus in response to stimuli?

Answer 26

The hypothalamus regulates homeostasis and coordinates responses to internal stimuli.

Question 27

What do we call the change in behavior or physiology in response to a stimulus?

Answer 27

Response.

Question 28

What is the term for the gradual decrease in response to a constant stimulus?

Answer 28

Habituation.

Question 29

True or False: The peripheral nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Name one example of a stimulus that can trigger a hormonal response.

Answer 30

Stress.

Question 31

What is the function of the somatic nervous system?

Answer 31

The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

Question 32

What type of receptor responds to changes in light?

Answer 32

Photoreceptors.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: The _____ system regulates fight or flight responses.

Answer 33

sympathetic

Question 34

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 34

The parasympathetic nervous system promotes ‘rest and digest’ functions.

Question 35

What is the significance of the ‘all-or-nothing’ response in neurons?

Answer 35

It means that a neuron either fires fully or not at all, depending on whether the threshold is reached.

Question 36

What is an example of a voluntary response?

Answer 36

Deciding to move your hand away from a hot surface.

Question 37

What kind of stimuli can affect plant growth?

Answer 37

Light, gravity, and water.

Question 38

True or False: Receptors can be specific to certain types of stimuli.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

How do sensory neurons transmit information to the brain?

Answer 39

They send electrical impulses through the nervous system.

Question 40

What is the purpose of a reflex test?

Answer 40

To assess the integrity of the nervous system and the reflex arc.