Chapter 14 Pt 1 Flashcards
True-breeding strains
Only produced the same trait as the parent plant for many generations
-always homozygous
Phenotype
An observable trait (flower color)
F1 progeny all display the phenotype of one parent
-the dominant phenotype
Mendel’s law of segregation
The two alleles for a given trait separate randomly so that each gamete has an equal chance of receiving one or the other
When does the segregation of alleles occur?
When homologs separate at anaphase 1 of meiosis
Genotype
The alleles carried by an individual
-determines their phenotype
Homozygous
Having two of the same alleles for a given gene
Heterozygous
Having two different alleles for a given gene
Upper case and lower case
Upper- dominant
Lower- recessive
Monohybrids
Organisms that are heterozygous for the single gene of interest
What did Mendel use?
True-breeding strains in his genetic crosses
Dominant allele
Determines the organisms phenotype in a heterozygote
Recessive allele
Has no noticeable effect on the organisms appearance in heterozygote
Dihybrid cross
A cross between two different lines that differ in two observed traits
- 4 different phenotypic combinations
- 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio
Law of independent assortment
Each pair of alleles segregated independently of other pairs of alleles during gamers formation
