chapter 14 powerpoint

Question 1

Family violence def

Answer 1

Any form of abuse, mistreatment, or neglect that children or adults experience from other members of their family

Question 2

abuse def

Answer 2

A situation in which a person takes advantage of a less powerful person

Question 3

Family Violence

Answer 3

Not examined until recently (1960s) due to:

• Abuse within the family was thought to be rare.
• When it did occur it was thought that abuse reflected rare psychopathology of offender or was fault of victim.

Question 4

Types of Violence/Abuse Within the Family

Answer 4

Child Abuse
Intimate Partner Violence
Elder Abuse
Parent Abuse
Sibling Abuse
Honour Violence

Question 5

What is Child Abuse?

Answer 5

• Child abuse includes physical, sexual, emotional abuse
• Also includes neglect and any violence children see or hear in their families
• Abuse may occur in child’s home or in other people’s homes, at schools or community centres
• A betrayal of trust and an abuse of power over the child

Question 6

Incidence/Prevalence:

Answer 6

Exact rates unknown
Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS - 1998, 2003, 2008):
In 2008 there were 14.19 substantiated cases of child maltreatment per 1,000 children in Canada. These cases involved:
Physical abuse - 20%
Sexual abuse - 3%
Neglect - 34%
Emotional abuse - 9%
Witnessed Domestic Violence - 34%

Question 7

Section 43 of Canadian Criminal Code

Answer 7

Correction by Force:
“Every schoolteacher, parent or person standing in the place of a parent is justified in using force by way of correction toward a pupil or child, as the case may be, who is under his care, if the force does not exceed what is reasonable under the circumstances”.

Question 8

Repeal Based on 3 Primary Areas

Answer 8

1. Association between the use of corporal punishment and child abuse:
   - 2008 CIS found 69% of substantiated cases of physical abuse
   consisted of inappropriate punishment
2. Human rights issues:
   
   • Criminal Code Protection
   • Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
   • UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
3. Developmental outcomes of corporal punishment.

Question 9

Developmental Outcomes of Corporal Punishment:

Answer 9

Non-compliance
Decreased internalization of desired norms
Development of aggression and antisocial
behavior
Negative impact on mental health
Negative impact on neurological, cognitive, emotional and social development

Question 10

Swedish Model

Answer 10

Gradual changes in legislation:
1928 – corporal punishment banned in secondary schools
1957 – defense for corporal punishment removed from Penal Code
1966 – right to use corporal punishment removed from Parenthood and Guardianship Code
1979 - the use of corporal punishment explicitly banned in Parenthood and Guardianship Code

Parent’s Code Reads:
“Children are entitled to care, security and a
good upbringing. Children are to treated with
respect for their person and individuality and
may not be subjected to physical punishment
or other injurious or humiliating treatment.”

Based on education versus criminalization
Parents offered education, support and early intervention

Question 11

Effects of Changes in Swedish Law

Answer 11

1. Change in Attitudes:
   - 1965 53% of Swedes supported corporal punishment
   - 1994 11% of Swedes supported corporal punishment
2. Declining Rates of Child Abuse
3. Earlier Intervention for Families
4. Changes Among Youth
   ↓ alcohol and drug use
   ↓ suicide
   ↓youth crime ( narcotics trafficking, burglaries, auto theft, rape)

Question 12

IPV/Partner Abuse Defined:

Answer 12

Violence committed by legally married, separated, divorced, or common-law partners, current or previous dating partners, and other intimate partners
Is a pattern of violent and/or coercive behaviour

Question 13

Intimate Partner Violence Includes

Answer 13

Physical Abuse
Sexual Abuse
Psychological and Emotional Abuse
Neglect
Financial Abuse
Homicide
Often different kinds of abuse occur in combination.

Question 14

Types of Intimate Partner Violence

Answer 14

Common/Situational Couple Violence
Patriarchal Terrorism/Intimate Terrorism
Resistant/Defensive Violence

Question 15

Numbers IPV

Answer 15

Statistics vary - 1 in 4 to 1 in 10 women are abused by their partners; Rates higher for Aboriginal women and women with disabilities
Females more frequently victimized than males
More likely to be injured and more severe injuries
More likely to be killed
More likely to be economically dependent
(Gelles, 2010; Ogrodnik, 2009; Strauss, 2009)
Women safer on the street than in their homes

Question 16

Factors Contributing to Prevalence of Family Violence:

Answer 16

1. Historically, women not valued as equals
2. Social condonation and glorification of violence.
3. Tolerance and legitimization of abuse.
   Laws of Chastisement
   Rule of Thumb
   Previous Criminal Code
4. Privacy granted to the family.
5. Perpetuation of myths.
6. Colonization

Question 17

Cycle of Abuse

Answer 17

Abuse within a relationship is viewed as an ongoing event
Cycle is composed of four phases:
1. Build-up/Escalation
2. Act Out/Explosion
3. Rationalize/Justify
4. Pretend Normal
Over time, the span between the phases becomes shorter and shorter and the intensity of the explosion becomes greater.

Question 18

What Can Be Done (about abuse)

Answer 18

Primary prevention aims to keep abuse from occurring at all, primarily through education
Secondary prevention programs involve working with groups considered to be at risk for abuse
Tertiary prevention is treatment or some other intervention to keep abuse from recurring and to minimize its effects
Most common approach

1. Redefine abuse – not a “family matter”
2. Development and expansion of resources
   - shelters
   - counselling
   - improved justice system response
   - more and better intervention programs for individuals who behave abusively
   - all services should be trauma informed
3. Focus on prevention
   - increase public education and awareness
   - educate children (communication, healthy relationships, non-violent conflict resolution skills)