Chapter 14 - Pharmacology

Question 1

Medication

Answer 1

A drug or other substance that is used as a remedy for an illness

Question 2

Drug

Answer 2

A chemical substance that is used to treat or prevent a disease or condition

Question 3

Pharmacology

Answer 3

The study of drugs

Question 4

Metered-does Inhaler (MDI)

Answer 4

Device consisting of a plastic container and a canister of medication used to inhale an aerosolized medication

Question 5

Small-volume nebulizer (SVN)

Answer 5

Device used to create a fine vapor or mist containing a beta2-specific medication for inhalation

Question 6

Route

Answer 6

The means by which a medication is given or taken; for example, sublingual, oral, inhalation, or injection

Question 7

Form

Answer 7

The size, shape, consistency, or appearance of a medication

Question 8

Indications

Answer 8

The common reasons for using a medication to treat a specific condition

Question 9

Contraindications

Answer 9

Situations in which a medication should not be used

Question 10

Dose

Answer 10

The amount of a medication that is given to a patient at one time

Question 11

Administration

Answer 11

The route and form by which a drug is given

Question 12

Action

Answer 12

The effect a drug has on the body

Question 13

Side Effects

Answer 13

The undesired effects of a medication

Question 14

Acetaminophen

Answer 14

Dose: Adults: 1000 mg Peds: 10-15 mg/kg
Indications: Pain and Fever
Contraindications: Liver Disease
Route: Oral
Side-effects: Liver damage in large doses

Question 15

Activated Charcoal

Answer 15

Dose: Adults: 50 g Peds: 1g/kg up to 25 g
Indications: Ingested Poison
Contraindications: Can’t maintain airway, caustic substance
Route: Oral
Side-effects: Constipation, Diarrhea, darkening of stool, vomiting

Question 16

Albuterol

beta2 agonist

Answer 16

must be prescribed
Dose: Adults: 2.5-5.0 mg (3cc) Peds: 2.5 mg (3 cc)
Indications: Bronchospasm, Asthma, COPD
Contraindications: HR greater than 150 in adults or 200 in Peds
Route: Nebulizer
Side-effects: Tachycardia, anxiety, nausea, cough, wheezing, tremors, dizziness

Question 17

Aspirin

Answer 17

Dose: Adults: 4 tabs, 81 mg each Peds: not indicated
Indications: Chest Pain
Contraindications: Allergy to aspirin
Route: Oral (chewed)
Side-effects: N/V, heartburn, bleeding, bronchospasm, or wheezing

Question 18

Diphenhydramine

Answer 18

Dose: Adults: 25 mg -50 mg Peds: 1 mg/kg (liquid)
Indications: Allergic Reaction
Contraindications: None for anaphylaxis, do not give to person having an asthma attack
Route: Oral
Side-effects: Sedation, thickening or oral/respiratory secretions

Question 19

Epinephrine

Answer 19

Dose: Adults: .3 mg Peds: .15 mg (over 50 = Ped dose)
Indications: Anaphylaxis with at least 2 symptoms including respiratory difficulty)
Contraindications: None is severe allergic reaction
Route: Intramuscular
Side-effects: Increased HR, Pallor, Dizziness, Chest pain, Headache, N/V, Anxiety

Question 20

Glucose

Answer 20

Dose: Adults: 15 grams (same with Peds)
Indications: AMS and unknown history of diabetus
Contraindications: Unconscious or inability to swallow
Route: Oral
Side-effects: None when given properly

Question 21

Ibuprofen

Answer 21

Dose: Adults: 400 - 800 mg Peds: 10 mg/kg
Indications: Fever and Pain
Contraindications: Allergy to NSAIDs, history of GI bleeding, renal insufficiency, anticoagulants
Route: Oral
Side-effects: Rash, ringing in ears, headache, dizziness, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, heartburn

Question 22

Naloxone

Narcan

Answer 22

Dose: Adults: 1-2 mg Peds: .1 mg/kg
Indications: Narcotic, synthetic overdose
Contraindications: Non-narcotic induced respiratory distress
Route: Nasal Atomizer
Side-effects: Abrupt reversal of narcotic depression, N/V, sweating, tachycardia, increased BP, Seizures

Question 23

Afrin

Oxymetazoline

Answer 23

Dose: Adults: 2 sprays per nostril Peds: 1-2 sprays
Indications: Epitaxis (nose bleed)
Contraindications: Hypertension
Route: Nasal Spray
Side-effects: Sneezing, burning, dryness, irritation of nose

Question 24

Nitroglycerine

for chest pain

Answer 24

have to be prescribed
Dose: Adults: .4 mg (1spray/tablet) Q5 x3 doses Peds: Not Indicated
Indications: Chest pain from angina or MI
Contraindications: Head trauma, ED medications, systolic BP less than 100 (NC protocol)
Route: Sublingual tablets or spray
Side-effects: Hypotension, headache, change in pulse rate

Question 25

Nitroglycerine

for pulmonary edema

Answer 25

Dose: Adults: .4 mg (1 spray/tablet) Q5 x3 doses Peds: Not Indicated
Indications: Pulmonary Edema
Contraindications: Head trauma, ED medications, Systolic BP less than 100 (NC protocol)
Route: Sublingual tablet or spray
Side-effects: Hypotension, headache, change in pulse rate

Question 26

Oxygen

Answer 26

Dose: Nasal cannula: 1-6 LPM, NRB: 15 LPM, BVM: 15 LPM
Indications: AMS, respiratory, any trauma or medical
Contraindications: None
Route: Inhalation
Side-effects: None