Chapter 14 - Pharmacology Flashcards
Medication
A drug or other substance that is used as a remedy for an illness
Drug
A chemical substance that is used to treat or prevent a disease or condition
Pharmacology
The study of drugs
Metered-does Inhaler (MDI)
Device consisting of a plastic container and a canister of medication used to inhale an aerosolized medication
Small-volume nebulizer (SVN)
Device used to create a fine vapor or mist containing a beta2-specific medication for inhalation
Route
The means by which a medication is given or taken; for example, sublingual, oral, inhalation, or injection
Form
The size, shape, consistency, or appearance of a medication
Indications
The common reasons for using a medication to treat a specific condition
Contraindications
Situations in which a medication should not be used
Dose
The amount of a medication that is given to a patient at one time
Administration
The route and form by which a drug is given
Action
The effect a drug has on the body
Side Effects
The undesired effects of a medication
Acetaminophen
Dose: Adults: 1000 mg Peds: 10-15 mg/kg Indications: Pain and Fever Contraindications: Liver Disease Route: Oral Side-effects: Liver damage in large doses
Activated Charcoal
Dose: Adults: 50 g Peds: 1g/kg up to 25 g
Indications: Ingested Poison
Contraindications: Can’t maintain airway, caustic substance
Route: Oral
Side-effects: Constipation, Diarrhea, darkening of stool, vomiting
Albuterol
beta2 agonist
must be prescribed
Dose: Adults: 2.5-5.0 mg (3cc) Peds: 2.5 mg (3 cc)
Indications: Bronchospasm, Asthma, COPD
Contraindications: HR greater than 150 in adults or 200 in Peds
Route: Nebulizer
Side-effects: Tachycardia, anxiety, nausea, cough, wheezing, tremors, dizziness
Aspirin
Dose: Adults: 4 tabs, 81 mg each Peds: not indicated
Indications: Chest Pain
Contraindications: Allergy to aspirin
Route: Oral (chewed)
Side-effects: N/V, heartburn, bleeding, bronchospasm, or wheezing
Diphenhydramine
Dose: Adults: 25 mg -50 mg Peds: 1 mg/kg (liquid)
Indications: Allergic Reaction
Contraindications: None for anaphylaxis, do not give to person having an asthma attack
Route: Oral
Side-effects: Sedation, thickening or oral/respiratory secretions
Epinephrine
Dose: Adults: .3 mg Peds: .15 mg (over 50 = Ped dose)
Indications: Anaphylaxis with at least 2 symptoms including respiratory difficulty)
Contraindications: None is severe allergic reaction
Route: Intramuscular
Side-effects: Increased HR, Pallor, Dizziness, Chest pain, Headache, N/V, Anxiety
Glucose
Dose: Adults: 15 grams (same with Peds)
Indications: AMS and unknown history of diabetus
Contraindications: Unconscious or inability to swallow
Route: Oral
Side-effects: None when given properly
Ibuprofen
Dose: Adults: 400 - 800 mg Peds: 10 mg/kg
Indications: Fever and Pain
Contraindications: Allergy to NSAIDs, history of GI bleeding, renal insufficiency, anticoagulants
Route: Oral
Side-effects: Rash, ringing in ears, headache, dizziness, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, heartburn
Naloxone
Narcan
Dose: Adults: 1-2 mg Peds: .1 mg/kg
Indications: Narcotic, synthetic overdose
Contraindications: Non-narcotic induced respiratory distress
Route: Nasal Atomizer
Side-effects: Abrupt reversal of narcotic depression, N/V, sweating, tachycardia, increased BP, Seizures
Afrin
Oxymetazoline
Dose: Adults: 2 sprays per nostril Peds: 1-2 sprays
Indications: Epitaxis (nose bleed)
Contraindications: Hypertension
Route: Nasal Spray
Side-effects: Sneezing, burning, dryness, irritation of nose
Nitroglycerine
for chest pain
have to be prescribed
Dose: Adults: .4 mg (1spray/tablet) Q5 x3 doses Peds: Not Indicated
Indications: Chest pain from angina or MI
Contraindications: Head trauma, ED medications, systolic BP less than 100 (NC protocol)
Route: Sublingual tablets or spray
Side-effects: Hypotension, headache, change in pulse rate
