chapter 14 - leadership Flashcards
what is management?
what is managing?
the function of running an organization by effectively and efficiently integrating and coordinating resources to achieve desired objectives
create, implement and maintain day to day processes
what is leadership?
what is leading?
the activity of influencing other peoples behaviour toward the achievment of desired objectives
establish and define direction.
bring people together to understand direction
create a shared acceptance of the vision
help motivate and inspire
what are the 3 basic requirements for effective leadership?
- must think through the organizations mission and make decisions compatible with that mission
- view leadership as a responsibility not a rank or privelege
- must earn trust (actions match words)
what is employee engagement and the benefits of it?
what is an environment for engagement?
employees invovlement with, commitment to and satisfaction with their work.
benefits:
- retention of staff
- improved individual and team performance
- increased productivity
- desired financial performance
- customer satisfaction
environment for engagement:
- clarity of job expectations
- opportunities
- regular feedback and dialogue with supervisor
- quality of working relationship
- rewards for engaging
what is motivation?
the sum of energizing forces internal and external to an individual that results in behaviour
internal = needs, attitudes, interestsm perceptions
external = rewards, tasks, coworkers, supervisors, communication, feedback
cannot motivate someone
managers create an enviroment where employees can motivate thhemselves
what are the 4 motivation theories?
- maslows hierarchy of needs
- mcclellands achievement motivation theory
- herzberg’s dual-factor theory
- expectancy theory
describe maslows hierarchy of needs
ONE CANNOT ASCEND TO THE NEXT LEVEL UNLESS LOWER-LEVEL NEEDS ARE FULFILLED
- self actualization (highest level)
- desire to become the most one can be
- self fulfilment, growth , morality, learning - esteem
- accomplismnet, respect, attention, appreciation - social
- love, affection, approval, friend, association - safety
- security, stability, freedom - physiological (lowest level)
- need for housing, clothing, food, sleep, sex
describe mcclellands achievement motivation theory
the three motivators are:
- need for power
- need for achievement
- need for affiliation
describe herzberg’s dual factor theory
Influenced by Hygiene Factors (Dis-satisfiers):
Working condition
Coworker relations
Policies & rules
Supervisor quality
Improving motivator factors increases job satisfaction:
Improving the hygiene factors decreases job dissatisfaction
Influenced by motivator factors (Satisfiers) :
Achievements
Recognition
Responsibility
Work itself
Personal growth
describe the expectancy theory
people make decisions about behaviour based on the expectation that the choice they make will lead to a desired outcome
EFFORT
- the employee believed that effort will result in acceptable performance
PERFORMANCE
- the employee believes that acceptable performance will produce the desired reward
REWARD
- the employee values the reward
what is the relationship between leadership and power?
what is position power? what is personal power?
positive and appropriate use of power is part of the leadership role
- power sometimes have negative connotations, leaders need to understand how to manage power
position power:
- power that comes from someones position in the organization
personal power:
- power that comes from personal characteristics or expertise
how do leaders acquire power?
list the 5 different types of power
1. coercive power
- employees believe a leader can give unpleasant consequences
2. reward power
- employees believe a leader can give pleasant rewards
3. legitimate power
- employees believe a leader has the right to give directions because of their position
4. expert power
- employees believe a leader has knowledge or expertise that will help them
5. referent or charismatic power
- employees admire and respect a leader and therefore want to follow them
- (cant teach this)
the average employee remembers:
_ - _% of what is heard
_ - _% of what is heard and seen
_ - _% of what is said
_ - _% of what is done
_% of what is experienced with proper instructions
10 - 15% of what is heard
15 - 30% of what is heard and seen
30 - 50% of what is said
50 - 75% of what is done
75% of what is experienced with proper instructions
what are the 2 modes of communication? and what are they good for?
oral communication:
- good for simple instructions that require quick action
- allows for demonstration of methods or procedures
- private
- if face to face, it has the advantage of including non-verbal communication of both sender and reciever
written communication:
- good when written policies are being shared
- better for employee accountability
- keeps a communication record
- oral not always possible
what does supervision encompass?
coordinating, directing and leading the work of employees to accomplish the organizations goals
- routine supervision includes ensuring policies are being followed
supervisors are the link between manager & employees
