Chapter 14: Infection, Diseases, & Epidemiology Flashcards
What is the study of where and when diseases occur and how they are transmitted?
Epidemiology
What is the role of epidemiology?
To learn which medicines are effective at killing pathogens
What is formites?
Objects or materials which are likely to carry infection, such as clothes, utensils, and furniture
A fly carrying a disease from fecal matter to food is considered what kind of transmission?
Vector transmission
When aerosols containing pathogens spread disease from a distance of less than one meter, it is consider what kind of transmission?
Contact Transmission
What are the three major categories of transmission disease?
Contact, Vehicle, and Vector transmission
What transmission is spread by pathogens by direct contact, indirect contact or droplet’s. Touching, kissing, or sexual intercourse. Can be spread from a pregnant woman to fetus. Speaking coughing sneezing?
Contact Transmission
What transmission is spread through the air, water, food, and blood handled outside of the body? Can spread via area traveling more than 1 meter.
Vehicle Transmission
What transmission can transmit disease from one host to another? This transmission is used to describe insects.
Vector Transmission
What are Endotoxins known as?
Lipid A
When would endotoxins be released from a bacterial cell?
When the cell dies or during cell division
Which of the following would be the first sign of an infection that resulted in the release of endotoxin?
- Pain
- Weakness
- Nausea
- Fever
Fever
Why is the release of endotoxin into the bloodstream potentially deadly?
It can lower blood pressure and cause the patient to go into shock
What are endotoxins apart of?
The outer membrane of the gram negative bacteria cell wall
What is an endotoxin?
A toxin that is present inside a bacterial cell
What are Endotoxins also known as?
Lipopolysaccharides
What are leukocidins?
Molecules that are capable of destroying phagocytes
Measles viruses are capable of inactivating host defenses by doing what?
Suppressing the immune system
What are Meningitis and gonorrhea caused by?
Neisseria species
What are Neisseria species?
Gram negative bacteria
Where is Neisseria found?
Found primarily in the upper respiratory tract of humans and animals
How can capsules enable bacteria to evade the immune system?
Capsules block the complement hiding sites on the surface of the pathogen
Certain traits that allow pathogens to create infection and cause disease are termed?
Virulence factors
Which enzymes break dow the “glue” that holds cells together?
Hyalurondiase
