Chapter 14 - Hormonal Communication Flashcards
What are people with type 1 diabetes unable to do?
Produce insulin
What are people with type 2 diabetes unable to do?
Use insulin effectively, as their cells lose responsiveness to insulin, or because they cannot produce enough insulin
What causes type 1 diabetes?
Genetics
What causes type 2 diabetes?
Lifestyle factors such as excess body weight and inactivity
What are common symptoms of diabetes?
High blood glucose levels
Excessive thirst and hunger
Tiredness
What is diabetes?
Where either your pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or you body cannot effectively respond to the insulin produced. This leads to hyperglycaemia (raised blood sugar levels).
How is type 1 diabetes treated?
Regular injections of insulin
Why does type 1 diabetes need careful monitoring?
If a person injects themselves with too much insulin, they may experience hypoglycaemia, that can result in unconsciousness, however too low insulin doses results in hyperglycaemia, which can result in unconsciousness and eventual death
How is type 2 diabetes treated?
Through changing the patients diet and exercise levels.
However if this is not enough to control blood glucose levels, drugs stimulating insulin production or insulin injecting may be administered
In people with type 1 diabetes, what is the effect of a spike in blood glucose levels on insulin levels?
There is little to no effect, as insulin is not being produced in response
What is the difference between the blood glucose levels of non-diabetics and diabetics following a spike in glucose levels?
In non-diabetics, insulin is produced in response, causing glucose levels to rapidly decrease.
In diabetics, insulin is not produced, meaning glucose levels return to normally much more slowly, as it is gradually used by cells
