Chapter 14 - Guyton Flashcards

1
Q

Blood flows at a rate of:

A

5 L/min

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2
Q

Transports blood to tissue under high pressure 100 mmHg.

A

aorta and arteries

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3
Q

Control site for blood flow and major resistance site for circulation.

A

arterioles

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4
Q

Major site of water and solute exchange between blood and tissues.

A

capillaries

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5
Q

Returns blood to the heart under low pressure, serves as reservoir for blood.

A

superior and inferior vena cava, veins, venules, venous sinuses

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6
Q

Site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.

A

pulmonary circulation

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7
Q

What has the largest total cross-sectional area of the circulation?

A

capillaries (1000x aorta)

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8
Q

Velocity of blood flow from greatest to least.

A

Aorta>arterioles>capillaries>small veins

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9
Q

The majority of blood volume at any given time is located where?

A

in the veins

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10
Q

Where is the largest pressure drop in circulation?

A

arteriole-capillary junction

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11
Q

Cardiac output is mainly controlled by:

A

local tissue flow

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12
Q

Does local blood flow or cardiac output control arterial pressure?

A

no (nervous system and then renal for long term)

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13
Q

Flow (Q) through a blood vessel is determined by:

A

the pressure difference (P1-P2) between the two ends of a vessel and resistance (R) of the vessel

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14
Q

What is laminar flow?

A

velocity of blood in the center of the vessel is greater than toward the outer edge creating a parabolic profile (silent)

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15
Q

What are some causes of turbulent flow?

A

high velocities, sharp turns in circulation, rough surfaces in the circulation, rapid narrowing of blood vessels (makes murmurs)

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16
Q

What is conductance?

A

measure of blood flow through a vessel for a given pressure difference, increases in proportion to the fourth power of the diameter (more sensitive to change in diameter of a vessel)

17
Q

Poiseuille’s law

A

integrating the velocities of all the concentric rings of flowing blood and multiplying them by the areas of the rings (laminar flow)

18
Q

Would a single upper extremity amputee have higher, lower, or normal blood pressure?

A

Amputation of a limb or surgical removal of a kidney also removes a parallel circuit and reduces the total vascular conductance and total blood flow (i.e., cardiac output) while increasing total peripheral vascular resistance. (higher than normal blood pressure)

19
Q

polycythemia

A

hematocrit >55; increased red blood cells or decreased plasma. blood flow is retarded.