Chapter 14: Education Flashcards
What was the main concern for reformers?
The lack of any real educational provision for working class and poor children. An Industrialised society required a more literate workforce.
What were Sunday Schools?
Set up by a methodist chapel, by 1830 over a million working class children were attending bible classes on Sundays, the one day they didn’t work. Were financed by contributions from congregations or interested benefactors.
What was the most successful form of schooling?
Monitorial Schools. One teacher instructed the older pupils who were appointed as monitors to teach the younger children.
What was the National Society, and the British and Foreign Society?
Both founded in 1811, promoted the system of Monitorial Schools.
How were the voluntary schools overwhelmed?
Monitorial and Sunday schools were overwhelmed by rapid urban development and the growing population.
What happened in 1833?
The Government gave a grant of £20,000 to be shared between National Society and British and Foreign Society to open up more schools. This was the start of official Government activity in national education.
What was the reaction to the Government’s actions in 1833 (grant of £20,000 shared between National Society and British and Foreign Society to open up more schools)
Idea of using public funding for educating the working class when they could be used in factories was strongly opposed by traditional political classes. It was not rigorously administered, despite the fact that regular accounts were to be sent to the treasury.
How was the Government’s 1833 grant’s accountability improved?
By appointing salaried inspectors.
What happened in 1839 to the Government’s education grant of 1833?
The Government grant was raised to £30,000 and a Cabinet Committee was set up to supervise how money was spent.
What Educational Reform scheme did the Whigs propose after 1839?
(After 1839), the Whigs, already struggling against party division and Tory challenges, put forward proposals to establish non-denominational colleges for teacher training, and to place responsibility for education in hands of a Privy Council Committee without clergy representation.
What was the effect of the Whig’s proposed Educational Reform Scheme for colleges for teacher training?
There was outcry from Anglicans and Whigs dropped most of the scheme. The committee however, was set up under James Kay-Shuttleworth, philanthropist and champion of the poor, who devoted himself to establishing state-funded system of popular education.
What was the Factory Education Bill?
Introduced by James Graham, Home Secretary in 1843. Attempted to make schooling under Anglican direction compulsory for child labourers but was soundly defeated. Whigs miscalculated joint Nonconformist and Catholic opposition to the scheme.
What did Kay Shuttleworth’s committee attempt in 1846?
To establish a national system of teacher training to standardise quality of teaching in grant-aided schools. Scheme required additional funding and met so much criticism over cost that it was abandoned.
What were these grants and attempts to educate wc children a step towards?
Beginning of state intervention and responsibility to establish a compulsory comprehensive education system.
What was education like before 1830?
The preserve of the wealthy (private tutor, public schools) and Industrialisation created a new ambitious middle class, willing to pay smaller fees for public/grammar schools.
