Chapter 1.4: diffusion and how Molecular mass effects the rate of diffusion Flashcards
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
It is the process by which particles move freely to fill up any available space.
Where does diffusion occur the fastest?
A vacumm.
What is a homogeneous mixture?
A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture.
This happens because gases are made of tiny particles that move randomly,
What are factors which affect the rate of diffusion?
Temperature and molecular mass
How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?
The higher the temperature, the faster the rate of diffusion. Higher temperatures cause the particles to gain energy and move faster increasing the rate of diffusion.
How does molecular mass effect the rate of diffusion?
The smaller the relative molecular mass of the gas, the lighter it is and the faster it moves.
Describe the process of diffusion. (Using bromine and air)
The bromine particles diffuse from their region of higher concentration to their region of lower concentration. The same occurs for the air particles. This causes both substances to fill the area and form a homogenous mixture.
When ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride gas react, a white ring of ammonium chloride is formed. This white ring is closer to the hydrochloric acid. Why does this occur?
Ammonia gas has a smaller relative molecular mass of 17 white hydrogen chloride gas has a larger relative molecular mass of 36.5. Thus ammonia gas is lighter and diffuses faster toward the right end of the tube compared to the hydrogen chloride gas. Hence, the two gases meet and react closer to the end of the right end of the tube, and the white ring of ammonium chloride forms closer to the hydrochloric acid
