Chapter 14, Communication and Language

Question 1

define accents

Answer 1

differences in pronounciation characteristic of a group

Question 2

define code-switching

Answer 2

using more than one language in the ocurse of conversing

Question 3

define cognates

Answer 3

words or morphs that belong to different languages but have similar sounds and meanings

Question 5

define core vocabulary

Answer 5

nonspecialist vocabulary

Question 6

define dialects

Answer 6

a variety of a language spoken in a particular area or by a particular social group

Question 7

define kinesics

Answer 7

the study of communication by nonvocal means, including postures, mannerisms, body movement, facial expressions, and signs and gestures

Question 8

define lexical content

Answer 8

vocabulary or lexicon

Question 9

define lexicon

Answer 9

the words are morphs, and their meanings, of a language; approximated by a dictionary

Question 10

define morph

Answer 10

the smallest unit of a language that has a meaning

Question 11

define morpheme

Answer 11

one or more morphs with the same meaning

Question 12

define morphology

Answer 12

the study of how sound sequences (and sometimes even individual sounds) convey meaning and how meaningful sound sequences are strung together to form words

Question 13

define paralanguage

Answer 13

refers to all the optional vocal features or silences apart from the language itself that communicate meaning

Question 14

define phoneme

Answer 14

a sound of set if sounds that makes a difference in meaning to the speakers of the language

Question 15

define phones

Answer 15

a speech sound in a language

Question 16

define phonology

Answer 16

the study of aspects of language that predicts how sounds are made and how they are used

Question 17

define protolanguage

Answer 17

a hypothesized ancestral language from which two or more languages seem to have derived

Question 18

define symbolic communication

Answer 18

an arbitrary (not obviously meangingful) gesture, call, word, or sentence that has meaning even when its referent is not present. these must be learned

Question 19

define syntax

Answer 19

the ways in which words are arranged to form phrases and sentences

Question 20

define pidgin language

Answer 20

they are simplified languages and lack many of the buidling blocks of language.
simplified means of communication that develops between two or more groups of people

Question 21

define creole language

Answer 21

incorporate much of the vocabulary of another language (often the masters’ language) but also have a grammar that differs from it and from the grammars of the laborers’ native languages
a stable natural language that develops from the process of different languages simplifying