Chapter 14, Communication and Language Flashcards
define accents
differences in pronounciation characteristic of a group
define code-switching
using more than one language in the ocurse of conversing
define cognates
words or morphs that belong to different languages but have similar sounds and meanings
define core vocabulary
nonspecialist vocabulary
define dialects
a variety of a language spoken in a particular area or by a particular social group
define kinesics
the study of communication by nonvocal means, including postures, mannerisms, body movement, facial expressions, and signs and gestures
define lexical content
vocabulary or lexicon
define lexicon
the words are morphs, and their meanings, of a language; approximated by a dictionary
define morph
the smallest unit of a language that has a meaning
define morpheme
one or more morphs with the same meaning
define morphology
the study of how sound sequences (and sometimes even individual sounds) convey meaning and how meaningful sound sequences are strung together to form words
define paralanguage
refers to all the optional vocal features or silences apart from the language itself that communicate meaning
define phoneme
a sound of set if sounds that makes a difference in meaning to the speakers of the language
define phones
a speech sound in a language
define phonology
the study of aspects of language that predicts how sounds are made and how they are used
define protolanguage
a hypothesized ancestral language from which two or more languages seem to have derived
define symbolic communication
an arbitrary (not obviously meangingful) gesture, call, word, or sentence that has meaning even when its referent is not present. these must be learned
define syntax
the ways in which words are arranged to form phrases and sentences
define pidgin language
they are simplified languages and lack many of the buidling blocks of language.
simplified means of communication that develops between two or more groups of people
define creole language
incorporate much of the vocabulary of another language (often the masters’ language) but also have a grammar that differs from it and from the grammars of the laborers’ native languages
a stable natural language that develops from the process of different languages simplifying
