Chapter 12, Culture and Culture Change Flashcards
define adaptive customs and give examples
cultural traits that enhance survival and reproductive success in a particular environment
define acculturation
the process of extensive borrowing of aspects of culture in the context of superbordinate- subordinate relations between societies; usually occurs as a relst of external pressure
define cultural relativism
the attitude that a society’s customs and ideas should be viewed within the context of that society’s problems and opportunities
define culture
the set of learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, and ideals that are characteristic of a particular society or other social group
define diffusion
the borrowing by one society of a cultural trait belonging to another society as the result of contact between the two societies
define ethnocentric
refers to judgement of other cultures solely in terms of one’s own culture
define ethnocentrism
the attitude that other societies’ customs and ideas can be judged in the context of one’s own culture
define ethnogenesis
creation of a new culture
define globalization
the ongoing spread of goods, people, information, and capital around the world
define maladaptive customs and give examples
cultural traits that diminish the chances of survival and reproduction in a particular environment
define norms
standards or rules about what is acceptable behavior
define revolution
a usually violent replacement of a society’s rulers
define society
a groupd of people who occupy a particular territory and speak a common language not generally understood by neighbouring peoples. by this definition, societies do not necessarily correspond to countries
define subculture
the shared customs of a subgroup within a society
