Chapter-14 Civil Liberties

Question 0

Ex post facto laws

Answer 0

A retroactive law that works at the disadvantage of the person

Question 1

Writ of habeus corpus

Answer 1

A court order requiring the explanation of why someone is being held in custody

Question 2

Due process clause

Answer 2

A clause in the 5th amendment that limits the power of the national government stating no one shall be stripped of life, liberty or property without due process

Question 3

Selective incorporation

Answer 3

The process by which provisions of the bill of rights are brought to the scope of the 14th amendment and are applied to the state governments

Question 4

Establishment clause

Answer 4

A clause in the first amendment that forbids the government from creating any law against religion

Question 5

Free exercise clause

Answer 5

A clause in the first amendment that states that congress shall make no law prohibiting free exercise or religion

Question 6

Commercial speech

Answer 6

Advertisements and commercials for products and services

Question 7

Bad tendency test

Answer 7

An interpretation of the first amendment that would permit legislatures to stop speech if it encourages people to do illegal actions

Question 8

Clear and present danger test

Answer 8

An interpretation of the first amendment stating that government cannot interfere with speech unless it shows signs of clear or present danger

Question 9

Preferred position doctrine

Answer 9

A interpretation of the first amendment stating that government should only punish you for what you do and not what you say

Question 10

Prior restraint

Answer 10

Censorship of a speech or newspaper before it is published

Question 11

Content or viewpoint neutrality

Answer 11

Laws that apply to all kinds of speech and to all views

Question 12

Unprotected speech

Answer 12

Libel, obscenity, fighting words

Question 13

Libel

Answer 13

Written deformation of another person

Question 14

Obscenity

Answer 14

The quality or state of a work that appeals to prurient interests in sex

Question 15

Fighting words

Answer 15

Words that by their very nature inflict injury on those whom they are addressed

Question 16

Civil disobedience

Answer 16

Deliberate refusal to obey a law of public officials

Question 17

Property rights

Answer 17

The right of an individual to what he wants with his property

Question 18

Eminent domain

Answer 18

The power of the government to take private property for public use as long as they compensate you

Question 19

Regulatory taking

Answer 19

Government regulations that take land by restricting its use

Question 20

Due process

Answer 20

Established rules and regulations that restrain government officials

Question 21

Procedural due process

Answer 21

A constitutional requirement that they act responsibly and that the laws they make have substance that is fair

Question 22

Search warrant

Answer 22

A writ issued by a magistrate that authorizes the police to search a person or place

Question 23

Exclusionary rule

Answer 23

A requirement that evidence found illegally or unconstitutionally cannot be used in criminal trial

Question 24

Grand jury

Answer 24

A group of 12 or 23 people who privately hear evidence presented by the government then they decide if the person will go to trial

Question 25

Petit jury

Answer 25

A jury of 6 to 12 people which determine whether a person is guilty or not

Question 26

Indictment

Answer 26

A formal written statement from a grand jury charging an individual with an offense