Chapter 14 (Brain & Cranial Nerves)

Question 1

Lateral Ventrical

Answer 1

The lateral ventricles are the two largest ventricles of the brain and contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Each cerebral hemisphere contains a lateral ventricle, known as the left or right ventricle, respectively. Lateral ventricles.

Question 2

Nerve

Answer 2

is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons designed to conduct nerve impulses that relay information from one part of the body to another.

Question 3

myelinated axon

Answer 3

A nerve impulse travels fastest along myelinated axons of large diameter. Myelin insulates the axon to prevent leakage of the current as it travels down the axon. Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin along the axons; they contain sodium and potassium ion channels, allowing the action potential to travel quickly down the axon by jumping from one node to the next

Question 4

A person suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome has lost function of the median nerve.

Answer 4

Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by pressure on the median nerve. The median nerve runs from the forearm through a passageway in the wrist (carpal tunnel) to the hand. It provides sensation to the palm side of the thumb and fingers, except the little finger.

Question 5

A sickle-shaped vertical partition that divides the left and right cerebellar hemispheres is the falx cerebelli.

Answer 5

Falx Cerebri is the largest of the four Dural Septa, this large, sickle-shaped vertical fold of dura mater separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres

Question 6

A spinal nerve contains ?

Answer 6

The spinal nerve contains motor and sensory nerve fibers to and from all parts of the body. Each spinal cord segment innervates a dermatome.

Question 7

association tracts

Answer 7

Association fibers of the brain, also known as association tracts of the brain or intrahemispheric tracts (cortex-cortex connections 1) are a type of white matter tract that connects different areas in the same hemisphere

Question 8

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by

Answer 8

Cerebrospinal Fluid CSF is produced by the choroid plexus in the ventricles. CSF flows from the 3rd ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct into the 4th ventricle. CSF then flows into the subarachnoid space by passing through the paired lateral apertures or the single median aperture and into the central canal of the spinal cord

Question 9

Clusters of gray matter that contain neuron cell bodies and lie within masses of white matter are the

Answer 9

cerebral nuclei. a nucleus (plural form: nuclei) is a cluster of neurons in the central nervous system, located deep within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem.

Question 10

Dural venous sinuses are areas where the meningeal and periosteal layers separate to form large blood-filled spaces.

Answer 10

The Dural Venous sinuses are spaces between the endosteal and meningeal layers of the dura. They contain venous blood that originates for the most part from the brain or cranial cavity. The sinuses contain an endothelial lining that is continuous into the veins that are connected to them

Question 11

dural venous sinuses ultimately drain into the

Answer 11

internal jugular vein

Question 12

Dural venous sinuses form where

Answer 12

dural septa attach along the free edge of the falx cerebri and in relation to formations of the cranial floor

Question 13

Where is there a marked reduction or missing blood-brain barrier in the CNS?

Answer 13

• The choroid plexus (must be permeable to produces CSF)
• The hypothalamus
• & Pineal gland (produce hormones that must have ready access to the bloodstream)

Question 14

Lobes of the brain:

Answer 14

Frontal - motor commands, speech
Parietal - somatosensory
Temporal - hearing, smell
Occipital - visual
Insula- memory, taste

Question 15

Which cranial nerve has three divisions (ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular)?

Answer 15

Trigeminal (CN V)

Question 16

The subdivision of the brain that does not initiate somatic motor movements, but rather coordinates and fine-tunes those movements is the:

Answer 16

Cerebellum

Question 17

The visual reflex center is housed within the:

Answer 17

Superior colliculus

Question 18

The _______ are descending motor tracts on the anterolateral surface of the mesencephalon:

Answer 18

Cerebral Peduncles

Question 19

The primary motor cortex is located in which cerebral structure:

Answer 19

Precentral gyrus

Question 20

The ______ are the isolated, innermost gray matter areas near the base of the cerebrum, inferior to the lateral ventricles:

Answer 20

Cerebral Nuclei