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A&P 1 > Chapter 14 - Autonomic NS > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Autonomic NS Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomic NS is also known as the

A

visceral motor system

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1
Q

general functions of the autonomic NS

A
  • motor system
  • functions in homeostasis
  • involuntary
  • effectors: viscera, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
  • effects can be excitatory or inhibitory
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2
Q

compare and contrast sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system: origin

A

sympathetic NS: thoracolumbar
parasympathetic NS: craniosacral

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3
Q

compare and contrast sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system: function

A

sympathetic: fight or flight
parasympathetic: rest and digest

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4
Q

compare and contrast sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system: preganglionic and postganglionic neuron lengths

A

sympathetic: short preganglionic neurons and long postganglionic neurons
parasympathetic: long preganglionic neurons and short postganglionic neurons

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5
Q

compare and contrast sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system: ht, bp, digestion

A

sympathetic: increases ht and bp and decreases digestion
parasympathetic: decreases ht and bp and increases digestion

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6
Q

compare and contrast sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system: pupil size

A

sympathetic: dilates pupil
parasympathetic: constricts pupil

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7
Q

compare and contrast sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system: preganglionic neuron releases

A

both systems’ preganglionic neuron release ACh

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8
Q

compare and contrast sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system: postganglionic neuron releases

A

sympathetic: releases ACh OR NE
parasympathetic: only releases ACh

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9
Q

compare and contrast the autonomic NS and the somatic motor division: type of control

A

autonomic: involuntary
somatic motor: voluntary

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10
Q

compare and contrast the autonomic NS and the somatic motor division: effector organs

A

autonomic NS: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
somatic: skeletal muscle

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11
Q

compare and contrast the autonomic NS and the somatic motor division: number of neurons to innervate the muscles and glands

A

autonomic: 2
somatic motor: 1

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12
Q

compare and contrast the autonomic NS and the somatic motor division: sensory input

A

autonomic: internal sensory input
somatic: sensory input from external environment

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13
Q

compare and contrast the autonomic NS and the somatic motor division: response of the effector

A

autonomic: involuntary and automatic
somatic motor: voluntary and consciously controlled

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14
Q

compare and contrast the autonomic NS and the somatic motor division: NT released

A

autonomic: ACh / NE
somatic: ACh

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15
Q

preganglionic neuron

A
  • has cell body in the CNS
  • lightly myelinated axon extending outwards into the PNS
16
Q

postganglionic neuron

A
  • has cell body in the PNS
  • stimulated by ACh released by preganglionic neuron
  • extends to effector organ
  • NONMYELINATED
  • stimulates effector organ by releasing ACh or NE at axon terminal
17
Q

ACh can be inhibitory or excitatory. How?

A

depends on the receptor

there are different receptors for ACh

18
Q

what is dual innervation?

A

organs that are affected by both the parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers
ex: one division activates something while the other tends to depress it

19
Q

dual innervation example: heart rate

A

parasympathetic vagus nerve decreases ht

sympathetic cardiac nerves increase ht and force of contraction

20
Q

which organs lack dual innervation?

A

skin
adrenal gland
arterioles

only innervated by sympathetic NS

21
Q

compare and contrast sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system: ganglion location

A

sympathetic: close to the vertebral column (sympathetic trunk)
parasymp: close to or w/in effector organ

22
Q

adrenal medulla

A
  • has direct synapsing
  • aka has no postganglionic neuron
  • direct synapsing bc its quicker —> we need adrenaline quickly when in danger
  • releases EPI or NE into the blood when stimulated
23
Q

control of ANS

A

cerebral cortex —> limbic system —> hypothalamus —>brain stem —> spinal cord

24
Q

NTs and receptors of the ANS

A

NTs: ACh and NE

receptors: cholinergic (binds to ACh) & adrenergic (binds to EPI or NE

25
Q

cholinergic receptors

A

nicotinic receptors and muscarinic receptors

26
Q

cholinergic receptor: nicotinic

A
  • ligand-gated sodium channels
  • triggers depolarization on target cells
  • excitatory
  • locations: All ANS ganglionic synapses and somatic motor end plates
27
Q

cholinergic receptor: muscarinic

A
  • 5 types
  • some open ligand-gated K channels —> triggers hyperpolarization and is inhibitory
  • others are excitatory
  • locations: parasympathetic synapses w/ effectors and sympathetic synapses w/ effectors
28
Q

5 types of adrenergic receptors

A

alpha 1
beta 1
alpha 2
beta 2

remember that 1s are excitatory and 2 are inhibitory

29
Q

alpha 1

A
  • smooth muscles (arterioles)
  • open sodium channels
  • excitatory
30
Q

beta 1

A
  • cardiac tissue only
  • open sodium and calcium channels
  • excitatory
31
Q

alpha 2

A
  • smooth muscle (digestive tract)
  • open k channels
  • inhibitory (mostly)
32
Q

beta 2

A
  • smooth muscles (bronchioles and some arterioles)
  • open k channels
  • inhibitory
33
Q

autonomic agonist and antagonists

A
  • ACh
  • EPI and NE
  • atropine
  • beta-blockers
34
Q

autonomic agonists and antagonists: ACh

A
  • muscarinic receptors on heart
  • effect: decrease ht
35
Q

autonomic agonists and antagonists: Atropine

A
  • antagonist for muscarinic receptors
  • effect: inhibits ACh binding to receptors —-> inc ht
36
Q

autonomic agonists and antagonists: EPI and NE

A
  • beta 1 receptors on heart
  • effect: inc ht and in force of contraction
37
Q

autonomic agonists and antagonists: beta-blockers

A
  • antagonist for beta 1 receptors
  • effect: inhibits EPI and NE binding to receptors —> Ht decs. bp decs.

A&P 1 (4 decks)

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