Chapter 14 - Alcohols (MODULE 4) Flashcards
What is the functional group of alcohols
-OH
What is methanol commonly used for
high performance fuel, chemical feedstock, polymers, paints, solvents etc
What is ethanol commonly used for
alcoholic drinks and fuel, feedstock
What are the naming conventions for alcohols
position and suffix -ol / prefix -hydroxy-
How do the
- volatility
- melting points
- water solubility
of alcohols compare to same length alkanes
- less volatility
- higher melting point
- greater water solubility
why do IM forces differ between alkanes and alcohols
alcohols have polar bonds whilst alkanes do not
- alcohols have strong hydrogen bonds between molecules
as chain length increases, why does the difference in boiling points between same length alkanes and alcohols reduce
contribution of -OH bond reduces
Why are alcohols soluble in water
has polar bonds so forms hydrogen bonds with water
as chain length increases, what happens to the
- boiling point
- water solubility
- volatility
of alcohols
- higher boiling point
- less soluble in water
- lower volatility
What are primary alcohols
alcohols where carbon attached to -OH is attached to one other carbon
- includes methanol
What are secondary alcohols
alcohols where carbon attached to -OH is attached to two other carbons
What are tertiary alcohols
alcohols where carbon attached to -OH is attached to three other carbons
What are the products of combustion of alcohols (complete)
- is this exothermic or endothermic
- water and carbon dioxide
- exothermic
what are the products of distilled oxidation of primary alcohols
aldehyde + water
what are the products of refluxed oxidation of primary alcohols
carboxylic acid + water
What are the products of refluxed oxidation of secondary alcohols
ketone + water
What are the products of refluxed oxidation of tertiary alcohols
tertiary alcohol - no reaction
What is an example of an oxidising agent
acidified potassium dichromate - K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4
When an alcohol is oxidised, what happens to the potassium dichromate
orange dichromate (2-) ions become green chromate (3+) ions
What is the
- catalyst
- product
of dehydration of alcohols (e.g. butanol)
- conc phosphoric / sulfuric acid
- butene and H2O
What type of reaction is the dehydration of an alcohol
elimination
What type of reaction is alcohol -> haloalkane
- What is used to achieve this and under what conditions is it done
- what is the intermediate product
- substitution
- Sodium Halide NaX
- refluxed with H2SO4
- HX and NaHSO4
