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Chemistry > Chapter 14 Alcohols and Chpt 15Haloalkanes > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Alcohols and Chpt 15Haloalkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the functional group of alcohols?

A

OH

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2
Q

How would you describe the water solubility of alcohols?

Why?

A

High

Because the OH functional group forms strong hydrogen bonds with H20

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3
Q

Does solubility of alcohols increase as chain length increases or as it decreases?

A

Solubility increases as chain length decreases because the CH2 part of the molecule doesnt form H bonds with the water molecules so as there are less of them more of the compounds will form

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4
Q

Is the volatility of alcohols high or low?

Why?

A

Relatively low
Because the force of attraction is stronger than the London forces present between other molecules such as alkanes, therefore alcohols are less volatile than other organic molecules which have a similar molecular mass

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5
Q

Define primary alcohol

A

The OH group of the alcohol is attached to 1 C atom which is attached to a maximum of 1 other C atom

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6
Q

Define secondary alcohol

A

The OH group is attached to a C atom which is attached to 2 other C atoms

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7
Q

Define tertiary alcohol

A

The OH group is attached to a C atom that is attached to 3 other C atoms

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8
Q

When alcohols burn in sufficient oxygen what do they form?

A

CO2 H20

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9
Q

What is the oxidising agent for the oxidation of alcohols?

A

Acidified dichromate

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10
Q

When primary alcohols are distilled what do they form?

A

Aldehydes

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11
Q

When primary alcohols are refluxes what do they form?

A

Carboxylic acids

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12
Q

Define reflux

A

Continual heating and condensing of a reaction mixture

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13
Q

What is formed when a secondary alcohol is distilled?

A

A ketone

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14
Q

Can a secondary alcohol be refluxed?

A

No

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15
Q

Can a tertiary alcohol be oxidised?

A

No

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16
Q

What are the colour changes when you oxidise alcohols?

A

Orange —-> green

17
Q

Define elimination

A

When 2 atoms or groups are removed resulting in the formation of a double bond

18
Q

When an alcohol undergoes elimination what is removed from the alcohol and what is formed?

A

H20 is removed

An alkene is formed

19
Q

What conditions are required for dehydration of ethanol?

A

Heat
Reflux
Concentrated H2SO4

20
Q

Define substitution

A

When an atom or group is replaced by another atom or group

21
Q

What is formed when a substitution reaction with a halide ion occurs?

A

A haloalkane

22
Q

What conditions are required for substitution?

A

Reagents - sodium halide and H2SO4
Temperature
Reflux

23
Q

Define haloalkane

A

An alkane in which one or more H atoms has been replaced with a halogen atom

24
Q

Define nucleophile

A

An electron pair donor

25
Q

What conditions are required for nucleophilic substitution?

A

NaOH - aqueous
Hot
Reflux

26
Q

A haloalkane + aqueous sodium hydroxide —->

A

Alcohol and sodium halide

27
Q

Define hydrolysis

A

A reaction with water or aqeuous hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into 2 compounds

28
Q

The rate of hydrolysis reactions of haloalkanes depends on the ——- ——- —-

A

Halogen atom attached

29
Q

Describe the bond enthalpies between C and a halogen as you go down the group

A

They decrease

30
Q 
Which haloalkane is the most reactive our of 
CH3F
CH3Cl
CH3Br
CH3I
Why?
A

CH3I

Because the bond enthalpies are weakest which means the least amount of energy is needed to overcome the forces

31
Q

How would you carry out an experiment to find the relative rates of reactions for haloalkanes?

A

Set up 3 test tubes with 1cm3 of ethanol and 2 drops of the haloalkane
Place them in a water bath at 50

32
Q

What is the precipitate colour of chloroalkane?

A

White precipitate

33
Q

What is the precipitate colour of bromoalkane?

A

cream precipitate

34
Q

What is the precipitate colour of iodoalkane?

A

Yellow precipitate

35
Q

Why is an iodoalkane expected to react more quickly than a bromoalkane?

A

Because C-I is the weakest bond so it needs the least amount of energy to be overcome

Chemistry (21 decks)

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