Chapter 14 - Abnormal Behaviour in Childhood and Adolescence Flashcards
pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs)
A class of developmental disorders characterized by significantly impaired behaviour or functioning in multiple areas of development.
autism
A pervasive developmental disorder characterized by failure to related to others, lack of speech, disturbed motor behaviours, intellectual impairment, and demands for sameness in the environment.
Asperger’s disorder
A pervasive developmental disorder characterized by social deficits and stereotyped behaviour but without the significant language or cognitive impairments associated with autism.
Rett’s disorder
A pervasive developmental disorder characterized by a range of physical, behavioural, motor, and cognitive abnormalities that begin after a few months of apparently normal development.
childhood disintegrative disorder
A pervasive developmental disorder involving loss of previously acquired skills and abnormal functioning following a period of apparently normal development for the first 2 years of life.
mental retardation
A generalized delay or impairment in the development of intellectual and adaptive abilities.
Down syndrome
A condition caused by the presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair and characterized by mental retardation and various physical abnormalities.
(Prevalence = approx. 1 in 800)
fragile X syndrome
An inherited form of mental retardation caused by a mutated gene on the X chromosome.
(Prevalence = approx. 1 in 1,000-1,500 males and 1 in 2.000-2,500 females)
phenylketonuria (PKU)
A genetic disorder that prevents the metabolism of phenylpyruvic acid, leading to mental retardation unless the diet is strictly controlled.
cultural-familial retardation
A mild form of mental retardation that is influenced by impoverishment of the home environment.
dyslexia
A learning disorder characterized by impaired reading ability.
learning disorder
A deficiency in a specific learning ability in the context of normal intelligence and exposure to learning opportunities.
(Types of learning disorders include: Mathematics Disorder, Disorder of Written Expression, and Reading - Dyslexia - Disorder)
communication disorders
A class of psychological disorders characterized by difficulties in understanding or using language.
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
A behaviour disorder characterized by excessive motor activity and inability to focus one’s attention.
hyperactivity
An abnormal behaviour pattern characterized by difficulty in maintaining attention and extreme restlessness.
conduct disorder
A psychological disorder in childhood and adolescence characterized by disruptive, antisocial behaviour.
oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
A psychological disorder in childhood characterized by excessive oppositionality or tendencies to refuse requests from parents and others.
separation anxiety disorder
A childhood disorder characterized by extreme fear of separation from parents or other caretakers.
enuresis
Failure to control urination after one has reached the expected age for attaining such control.
encopresis
Lack of control over bowel movements that is not caused by an organic problem in a child who is at least 4 years old.