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government > chapter 14 > Flashcards

chapter 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

an order from a superior court to a lower to send the entire record of a case for review

A

writ of certiorari

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2
Q

a system of law developed in England based on tradition and court decisions rather than legal code

A

common law

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3
Q

a court’s power to hear a case before it is considered by any other court

A

original jurisdiction

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4
Q

a principle of law that bases decisions on judicial precedent

A

stare decisis

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5
Q

the division of law dealing with private citizens legal rights in disputes with other citizens

A

civil law

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6
Q

a court that guides subsequent decisions in related cases

A

precedent

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7
Q

the division of law that treats crimes prosecuted by the government

A

criminal law

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8
Q

to petition a higher court to review a lower court decision

A

appeal

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9
Q

to rule against a lower court decision

A

reverse

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10
Q

to approve the decision of a lower court

A

affirm

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11
Q

a legal document that presents arguments supporting a client’s position in case

A

brief

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12
Q

declared the doctrine of judicial review

A

Marbury v madison

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13
Q

declared that states may not tax the US government

A

McCulloch v Maryland

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14
Q

declared an end to school segregation

A

brown v board of education

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15
Q

declared abortion legal

A

roe v wade

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16
Q

declared same-sex marriage legal

A

Obergefell v Hodges

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17
Q

the code of Hammurabi was an ancient ____ law code

A

Babylonian

18
Q

the corpus Juris civils was an ancient ____ law code

A

roman

19
Q

common law rather than a law code was used by the

A

English

20
Q

the united states currently have how many district courts

A

94

21
Q

the unites states currently have how many circuit courts of appeals

A

13

22
Q

the united states currently have how many members of the supreme court

A

9

23
Q

the ____ is the written report detailing the reasoning of the winning side in a supreme court case

A

majority opinion

24
Q

a member of the supreme court who votes with the losing side may write a

A

dissenting opinion

25
Q

a member of the supreme court who votes for the winning side for a reason different than that presented in the decision may write a

A

concurring opinion

26
Q

how long is the term of office of a US supreme court member

A

life

27
Q

the french ruler ____ created a unified law code for his country

A

Napolean

28
Q

the system of the coexistence of federal and state courts in the united is known as

A

judicial federalism

29
Q

the trail courts of the federal judicial system are known as ____ courts

A

district

30
Q

a _____ is a panel of citizens who considers the prosecution’s case and determines whether there is enough evidence against the accused to warrant a jury trial

A

jury

31
Q

occasionally,circuit court judges sit _____ as a whole group

A

en banc

32
Q

judges on the supreme court are called

A

justices

33
Q

the highest-ranking judge on the supreme court is known as

A

the chief of justice

34
Q

more than half of states use a judge selection method known as the ____ allowing the governor to appoint a judge from a list given by a judicial commission. Later the Judge must be confirmed in an election

A

Missouri plan

35
Q

the court’s right to declare government actions unconstitutional is the doctrine of

A

judicial review

36
Q

each lawyer receives exactly ____ minutes to present the case to the supreme court

A

thirty

37
Q

what book strongly influenced American founders and produced a key to the system of common law

A

commentaries on the law of England

38
Q

what term refers to the revelation of God’s law through scripture

A

revealed law

39
Q

what term refers to the revelation of God’s law through the creation

A

natural law

40
Q

the ___ of 1789 established a system of inferior federal courts and launched the supreme court

A

judiciary act

41
Q

what does the political slang word bork mean

A

to defame or vilify systematically, especially in the mass media usually with the aim of preventing his or her appointment to public office; to obstruct or thwart in this way is the political slang word

42
Q

the order a typical federal case travel through the three levels of the federal judiciary system is

A
  1. district court
  2. circuit court of appeals
  3. the supreme court

government (11 decks)

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