Chapter 14

Question 1

What is S. gallolyticus associated with?

Answer 1

Human endocarditis & colon carcinoma.

Question 2

Human endocarditis & colon carcinoma

Answer 2

S. gallolyticus

Question 3

GDS are:

Answer 3

Nonhemolytic; PYR (-); grow in presence of bile; esculin (+); don’t grow at 6.5% NaCl; non present in human gut.

Question 4

Bacteria of GDS

Answer 4

S. bovis, S. gallolyticus, S. infentarius

Question 5

S. agalactia pathologies

Answer 5

Neonatal sepsis, bacteremia, meningitis, UTIs, meningitis in adults

Question 6

Which bacteria as a butterscotch/caramel odor?

Answer 6

S. anginosus

Question 7

S. anginosus

Answer 7

Present in throat, colon and urogenital tract; cause brain, liver and lung abscesses

Question 8

S. canis:

Answer 8

skin infections in dogs; uncommon infections in humans.

Question 9

Which streptococci are nutritionally variant?

Answer 9

Abiotrophia defectiva, Granulicatella elegans, & Granulicatella adiacens (isolated from cases of endocarditis)

Question 10

Which bacteria need cysteine & pyridoxal for growth?

Answer 10

Abiotrophia & Granulicatella

Question 11

What do NVSs cause?

Answer 11

Part of normal flora, rarely endocarditis, bacteremia, brain abscesses. Similar to viridans.

Question 12

S. pneumonia- typical morphology:

Answer 12

Gram (+), lancet-shaped, diplococci; lose gram positivity with age

Question 13

Culture appearance of S. pneumonia

Answer 13

Dome-shaped, with central depression, glistening (due to polysaccharide capsule); alpha-hemolytic

Question 14

S. pneumonia growth characteristic

Answer 14

Fermentation of glucose to lactic acid; lactic acid limits the growth

Question 15

Quellung reaction

Answer 15

Pneumococci are mixed with polyvalent anti-serum to determine the presence of pneumococci; very expensive and hard to perform.

Question 16

Empyema

Answer 16

Pus in the pleural space

Question 17

Pneumonia bacterimia triad

Answer 17

Meningitis, endocarditis, septic arthritis

Question 18

Early symptoms of pneumococcal pneumonia

Answer 18

Fever, chills, sharp pleural pain, bloody/rusty colored sputum; bacteremia present in 20% of cases.

Question 19

Secondary sites of S. pneumonia infection

Answer 19

Sinuses and middle ear (otitis media), mastoid (may cause meningitis)

Question 20

Drug of choice from S. pneumoniae

Answer 20

High does penicillin-G; vancomycin

Question 21

Which bacteria ferments mannitol?

Answer 21

S. gallolitycus

Question 22

Which bacteria are especially dangerous during pregancy?

Answer 22

S. pyogenes, S. agalactia