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IFSTA > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

Water Supply

1
Q

What are the 2 basic water supply systems in North America?

A
  1. Public

2. Private

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2
Q

What are public water supply systems?

A

a function of local government or state authorized water district

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3
Q

What are private water supply systems?

A

provide water to municipality, region, or single property

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4
Q

What are some water supply sources?

A

lakes, reservoirs, ponds, rivers, streams, wells, springs

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5
Q

What are processing or treatment facilities?

A

purification or desalination plants

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6
Q

What means are used to move the water?

A

water pumps

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7
Q

Storage tanks, control valves, piping systems, and hydrants are all…

A

water distribution and storage systems

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8
Q

What are the main components of public and private water supply systems?

A
  1. water supply
  2. processing or treatment facilities
  3. means of moving water
  4. water distribution/storage systems
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9
Q

Why is ocean water not good supply source?

A

220 times saltier than fresh water and contains impurities

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10
Q

How does one determine how much water a community needs?

A

based off of history of consumption and estimates of anticipated needs

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11
Q

How can a water system be considered as “adequate”?

A

it must contain enough water for fire protection needs and domestic requirement

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12
Q

Prior to entering the distribution system, what does water have to pass through first?

A

water treatment or processing facilities

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13
Q

What are the 3 methods for moving water through the systems?

A
  1. Gravity
  2. Direct pumping
  3. Combination
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14
Q

What is the gravity system?

A

supply system that relies entirely on the force of gravity to create pressure and cause water to flow through the system

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15
Q

What is elevation pressure?

A

The difference in the height of the water source and the point of use

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16
Q

Gravity pressure is only adequate if the primary water source is

A

located more than a 100 feet higher than highest point

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17
Q

True gravity systems are mainly supplied from what water source?

A

alpine lake or mountain reservoir

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18
Q

What is a direct pumping system?

A

water supply system supplied directly by a system of pumps rather than elevated storage tanks

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19
Q

Where are most direct pumping systems found?

A

agricultural and industrial settings

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20
Q

What is a main disadvantage of direct pumping systems?

A

total dependence on pumps and on electricity

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21
Q

What is a combination system?

A

water supply system that is combination of both gravity and direct pumping systems.

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22
Q

What is the most common type of municipal water supply systems?

A

Combination

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23
Q

What is a cistern?

A

an underground storage tank collecting rain water that is available to fire protection

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24
Q

What do water distribution systems consist of?

A
  1. pipes
  2. storage tanks
  3. control valves
  4. hydrants
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25
Q

What is a water main?

A

a principal pipe in a system of pipes for conveying water, especially one installed underground

26
Q

What is a primary feeder?

A

Large arterial pipes ranging from 16-72 inches

27
Q

What is a secondary feeder?

A

Intermediate pipes ranging from 12-14 inches

28
Q

Large pipes and ___________ interconnect to create a grid

A

secondary feeders

29
Q

What is a distributor?

A

Small water mains ranging from 6-8 inches

30
Q

What serves individual fire hydrants, commercial, and residential consumers?

A

Distributors

31
Q

To ensure efficient water supply____________ should run from the source of supply to the high risk and industrial districts of the community along separate routes

A

two or more primary feeders

32
Q

What is a big advantage of the grid system?

A

high demand in one area does not deplete water flow in other areas

33
Q

What is the minimum size of pipe used in residential subdivisions?

A

8 inch

34
Q

What range of water do gravity tanks hold?

A

5,000-over a million gallons

35
Q

What are the 2 types of valves?

A
  1. Isolation

2. Control

36
Q

What are isolation valves?

A

they are used to isolate sections for maintenance and repair

i.e. replacing hydrants, or to make new connections

37
Q

What are the maximum spacing lengths for valves?

A

500 feet

800 feet in high value districts

38
Q

What is a gate valve?

A

control valve with a solid plate operated by a handle and screw mechanism. Rotating the handle moves the plate into or out of the waterway

39
Q

What is a butterfly valve?

A

Control valve that uses a flat circular plate in a pipe that rotates 90 degrees across the cross section of the pipe to control the flow of water

40
Q

How often should isolation valves be tested?

A

once a year

41
Q

Isolation valves are primarily located where?

A

on or adjacent to streets, sidewalks, and alleys or below ground

42
Q

Valves and hydrants are opened by rotating the stem….

A

counterclockwise

43
Q

What is an indicating valve?

A

shows whether the gate valve is open, closed, or partially closed

44
Q

What are two common indicating valves?

A
  1. Post Indicator Valve (PIV)

2. Outside Stem and Yoke Valve (OS & Y)

45
Q

What is a PIV?

A

type of valve used to control underground water mains that provide a visual means indicating “open” or “shut” position

46
Q

What is a OS&Y?

A

a type of control valve for a sprinkler system in which the position of the center screw indicates whether the valve is open or closed

47
Q

What is typically located between public water and private water distribution systems?

A

Control valves

48
Q

What is a flow-meter?

A

determines the quantity of water that the facility is using for billing purposes

49
Q

What is backflow preventer?

A

prohibits any water from flowing back into the public water system

50
Q

Fire hydrants should not be spaced more than______ apart?

A

300 feet in high value districts

51
Q

What does a dead end hydrant mean?

A

can only receive water from only one direction

52
Q

What does a circulating hydrant mean?

A

located on a secondary feeder or distributor main receiving water from two directions

53
Q

What does circulating feed mean?

A

fire hydrant that receives water from two or more directions

54
Q

What is a loop system?

A

water main arranged in a complete circuit so that water will be supplied to a given point from more than one direction

55
Q

Failures or reduction in water supply or pressure can result from…

A
  1. Damaged hydrant valves
  2. Broken water mains
  3. Frozen pipes or hydrants
56
Q

What are the two main types of fire hydrants used in North America?

A
  1. Dry Barrel

2. Wet Barrel

57
Q

What is a dry barrel hydrant?

A

has its operating valve located at the base of foot of the hydrant rather than in the barrel of the hydrant. There is no water in the barrel of the hydrant when it is not in use

58
Q

What is a wet barrel hydrant?

A

has water all the way up to the discharge valve outlets. This type of valve is only used in areas with no danger of freezing weather conditions

59
Q

What is the pumper outlet nozzle?

A

fire hydrant outlet that is 4 inches in diameter or larger

60
Q

What is the steamer connection?

A

Large diameter outlet of 4.5 inches at a hydrant or at the base of an elevated water storage container

IFSTA (3 decks)

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