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IFSTA > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

Ground Ladders

1
Q

Ground Ladders are carried on…

A

All pumpers and aerial ladders

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2
Q

How many FFs does it take to carry and raise into position?

A

1-6

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3
Q

Besides access to upper stories and roofs, what else can ground ladders be used to reach?

A

storm drains, confined spaces, and pits

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4
Q

Design, construction, and testing specifications for fire service ground ladders are contained in which NFPA?

A

1931

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5
Q

NFPA 1931 require folding ladders to be able to support how many lbs?

A

300

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6
Q

NFPA 1931 requires that single, roof, combination, and extension ladders must be able to support how many lbs?

A

750

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7
Q

Standard on use, maintenance, and service testing our contained in which NFPA?

A

1932

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8
Q

What is a beam?

A

main structural member supporting the rungs and rung blocks

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9
Q

What is the bed section?

A

lowest and widest section of an extension ladder maintaining constant contact with the ground

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10
Q

What is the butt?

A

bottom end of ladder placed on the ground

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11
Q

What are the butt spurs?

A

metal plates/spikes, or cleats attached to the butt end of ground ladder beams

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12
Q

What is the fly section?

A

upper section of extension

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13
Q

What are the foot pads?

A

swivel plates attached to the butt of the ladder

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14
Q

What are the guides?

A

wood, metal strips, slots, or channels guiding the fly section while being raised

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15
Q

What is a halyard?

A

rope or cable used for hoisting and lowering the fly sections of an extension ladder

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the heat sensor label?

A

helps indicate that the ladder has been exposed to a sufficient degree of heat

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17
Q

What are the hooks?

A

curved devices near the top end of roof ladders securing the ladder to the roof

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18
Q

What are the pawls? (dogs)

A

used to hold the fly section in place after it has been extended

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19
Q

What are the protection plates?

A

strips of metal attached at chaffing points of the ladder

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20
Q

What is the pulley?

A

grooved wheel through which the halyard is drawn on

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21
Q

What are the rails?

A

two lengthwise members of a trussed ladder

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22
Q

What are the rungs?

A

cross members that provide the foothold

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23
Q

What are the stops?

A

wooden or metal pieces preventing the fly section from being extended too far

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24
Q

What are the tie rods?

A

metal rods located beneath the rungs on a wood ladder

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25
Q

What is the tip?

A

very top of the ladder

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26
Q

What is the truss block?

A

spacers between the rails of a trussed ladder

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27
Q

What are fire service ground ladders made of?

A

metal, wood, or fiberglass

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28
Q

Which is the most common used ladder in the fire service?

A

Metal ladders

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29
Q

What is the oldest material used for fire service ground ladders?

A

wood

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30
Q

What are 3 advantages of metal ladders?

A
  1. Easy to repair
  2. Cheaper
  3. Available in many sizes, styles, and types
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31
Q

What are 3 Disadvantages of metal ladders?

A
  1. Conduct heat, cold, and electricity well
  2. Can fail easily when exposed to 300 Degrees F
  3. Can accumulate ice in winter
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32
Q

What is the newest and least common used ladder?

A

fiber glass

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33
Q

With accordance to NFPA 1931, what markings and labels need to be present on all fire service ground ladders?

A
  1. ladder length
  2. manufactures nameplate
  3. certification label from manufacturer indicated that it meets standard
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34
Q

Why is painting a ladder not recommended?

A

It can hide damage

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35
Q

Are heat sensors required on all metal and fiberglass ladders?

A

YES

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36
Q

What are the 5 types of ladders used in the Fire service?

A
  1. Single
  2. Roof
  3. Folding
  4. Extension
  5. Combination
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37
Q

What is the purpose of a single ladder?

A

used for quick access to windows and roofs on one and two story buildings

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38
Q

What are common lengths of single ladders?

A

12-24 feet

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39
Q

What is a roof ladder?

A

straight ladder with folding hooks allowing FFs to distribute their weight and prevent from slipping

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40
Q

What are common lengths of roof ladders?

A

12-24 feet

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41
Q

What is the purpose of a folding ladder?

A

often used for interior attic access

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42
Q

What are common lengths of folding ladders?

A

8-16 feet

most common is 10 feet

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43
Q

What are extension ladders?

A

length ladder of two or more sections that can be extended to desired height to access windows and roofs

44
Q

What are common lengths of extension ladders?

A

12-39 feet

45
Q

What are combination ladders?

A

A ladder that can be used as a single extension or A-frame ladder, must have positive locking devices

46
Q

What are common lengths of combination ladders?

A

10 feet

47
Q

Standard for automotive fire apparatus

A

NFPA 1901

48
Q

What types of ladders can be carried on pumper apparatus according to NFPA 1901?

A

1 single roof ladder
1 extension ladder
1 folding ladder

49
Q

How many feet of ground ladders must an aerial apparatus carry?

A

115ft

50
Q

How many feet of ground ladders must a quint fire apparatus carry?

A

85ft

51
Q

How often should ground ladders be inspected according to NFPA 1932?

A

after each use and on a monthly basis

52
Q

What is a bedded position?

A

extension ladder with the fly section fully retracted

53
Q

If a ladder cannot be safely repaired what happens?

A

it is destroyed or scrapped for parts

54
Q

How often should ladders be cleaned?

A

after each use

55
Q

What is the most effective way to clean a ladder?

A

bristle brush and water

56
Q

Who repairs ladders?

A

trained ladder technician

57
Q

What are 4 maintenance requirements for ground ladders?

A
  1. keep free of moisture
  2. Do not put near vehicle exhausts
  3. keep free of weather exposure
  4. do not paint ladders
58
Q

How far must you be from electrical wires before raising a ladder?

A

10 feet

59
Q

Who tells you which ladder to use or where to place the ladder at an incident?

A

Incident Commander

60
Q

What is the optimal climbing angle?

A

75 degrees

61
Q

Length of ladder for the first story roof?

A

16-20ft

62
Q

Length of ladder for the second story window?

A

20-28ft

63
Q

Length of ladder for the second story roof?

A

28-35ft

64
Q

Length of ladder for the third story window?

A

40-50ft

65
Q

Length of ladder for the fourth story roof?

A

over 50 feet

66
Q

How many rungs above the roof edge should you extend to?

A

3-5 rungs

67
Q

Where should the ladder be placed when gaining access to a narrow window or for opening a window for ventilation?

A

tip of the ladder should be placed in line with the top of the window and up-wind

68
Q

Where should the ladder be placed when performing a rescue from a window?

A

just below the windowsill

69
Q

For ladder lengths of 35 feet or less, what is the reach for each ladder?

A

1 foot less than the designated length

i.e. 35 foot ladder length = 34 foot max reach

70
Q

How many FFs are needed to remove a ladder on a pumper?

A

1-2

71
Q

How many FFs are needed to remove a ladder on an aerial apparatus?

A

3-4

72
Q

Which apparatus are ground ladders mounted on?

A

pumpers, aerial apparatus, quints, and specialized apparatus

73
Q

What is the max ladder one firefighter can carry?

A

24 foot ladder

74
Q

Explain a one firefighter low shoulder carry

A

upper beam is rested on FF’s shoulder, arm between two rungs, and butt of ladder carried forward

75
Q

What size ladders require two FF low shoulder carries?

A

24, 28, 35 foot

76
Q

What does the two FF low-shoulder carry allow for FF’s?

A

excellent control

77
Q

What size ladders require three FF to use a flat shoulder carry?

A

up to 35 feet

78
Q

Describe a three FF flat arm length carry

A

fly section up, FF at each end on one side, third FF on the other side in the middle, face the butt while kneeling, grasp the beam and stand holding the ladder at arms length

79
Q

Explain the Four FF flat shoulder carry

A

similar to 3 FF flat shoulder carry, but with a slight change in configuration

80
Q

When would FF use a two FF arm length on edge carry?

A

With light weight ladders

81
Q

Which end is first (tip or butt) when carrying a roof ladder?

A

Either, but the hooks must be closed

82
Q

Who is responsible for the placement of the ladder at a scene?

A

Usually an officer, but FF frequently decide where to place the ladder

83
Q

If there are two FFs on the butt of the ladder, who is responsible for placement?

A

The right FF

84
Q

What two objectives must be met when placing a ground ladder?

A
  1. positing ladder properly for intended use

2. place the butt the proper distance from the building

85
Q

What is the desired angle of inclination for ladder placement?

A

75 degrees

86
Q

What is an easy way to determine the proper distance between the butt of a ladder and the building?

A

Divide the working length of the ladder by 4

87
Q

What are ladders equipped with that aligns perfectly when the ladder is properly set?

A

inclination marking

88
Q

How can ladder raises be most effective?

A

with teamwork, smoothness, and rhythm

89
Q

What distance away from electrical lines or equipment does OSHA require?

A

at least 10 feet

90
Q

With regards to the FLY, which direction does it need to be facing when using a metal or fiberglass ladder?

A

FLY OUT

91
Q

What kind of knot is used to tie a halyard?

A

clove hitch and an over hand safety knot

92
Q

What is a heeler?

A

FF at the butt end responsible for placing the ladder at the right distance and whether or not it will be raised perpendicular or parallel to the building

93
Q

What are the two basic ways FFs can raise a ladder?

A
  1. Flat raise

2. Beam Raise

94
Q

How many FFs does it take to raise a 35 foot ladder or bigger?

A

3

95
Q

Any ladder flat raised parallel to the building requires what?

A

pivoting to align it with the wall it will rest on

96
Q

What size ladder can a FF safely shift alone?

A

20 feet long or less

97
Q

What are two ways FFs can secure a ladder?

A
  1. Heeling

2. Tying in

98
Q

What does tying in mean?

A

securely tying the ladder to a fixed object

99
Q

What is a rope hose tool used for?

A

used to secure hose to ladders or other objects

100
Q

What should you not do with your arms and hands when climbing a ladder?

A

should not reach above your head while climbing

101
Q

What are two ways a FF can secure themselves to the ladder is using both hands to work?

A
  1. Leg lock

2. Ladder belt

102
Q

According to NFPA 1983, can a ladder belt be used as a life safety harness?

A

NO

103
Q

How many FFs are needed to bring victims down a ground ladder?

A

4, 2 inside, 1-2 on the ladder, and 1 heeling the ladder

104
Q

How should a conscious victim be lowered down the ladder?

A

feet first, facing the building

105
Q

How should a unconscious victim be lowered down the ladder?

A

Same as a conscious victim, but the victim’s body rests on the rescuers supporting knee with their legs outside of the rails

106
Q

What do FFs need to be prepared for when assisting an unconscious victim down a ladder?

A

observe the victim and be prepared to respond if the victim regains conciousness

107
Q

What may need to happen if a larger person needs rescuing?

A

two ground ladders placed side by side

IFSTA (3 decks)

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