Chapter 14 Flashcards
Alexander III
Pograms
Made Russian the official language
Secret police force that took care of anyone he wanted gone
Nicholas II
Gained power after Alexander died
Fought WWI for Russia
Industrialization under Nicholas II
Encouraged but labor unions are outlawed
Not as quick and easy as the rest of Europe
Mensheviks
More moderate
Marxist group
Want a broad base of popular support
Bolsheviks
Lenin is leader
Marxist group
More radical
Small group of committed revolutionaries
What does Nicholas II do to Lenin and why?
Exiles him because he is gaining power and he is becoming a threat
3 events that show how weak the czar is becoming
- Russo-Japanese war: japs win
- Bloody Sunday
- Czarina Alexander
Describe Bloody Sunday
A bunch of workers sign a petition and they wanted a representative body so they march to the winter palace to give Nicholas the petition. The general orders troops to fire on the crowds killing and injuring many. When this gets out many people get angry and start riots so Nicholas gives in to the creation of a representative body
What is the new representative body called
Duma
What does the Duma decide to do and how does Nicholas react to this
Write a constitution creating a constitutional monarchy and Nicholas dissolves the Duma
What is the story of czarina Alexander
Nicholas II leaves to help in the fight and leaves czarina in charge. She falls under the influence of a self proclaimed medicine doctor named Rasputin because he helps her son Alexa that has hemophilia. She allows him to make Many governmental decisions and they are bad ones so advisors kill him
March revolution
Provisional gov. Set up and nicholas forced to step Down
What did the Germans do In an attempt to get Russia out of the war
Got Lenin back there
Soviets
Lower citizens that ram their town
Not official
what does lenin do when he returns to russia
take over the bolsheviks again and they take over the soviets
Bolshevik Revolution
kicked the provisional government out
what is Lenin’s slogan
“Peace, Land, and Bread”
What does lenin do when he gains power over Russia
redistributes land
gives them the peace they wanted and signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Russian Civil War
Red army Vs. White army Red: Bolsheviks White: everyone else death toll: 14-16 million famines were really bad there is a worldwide spanish flu pandemic
NEW ECONOMIC POLICY
ALLOWED FOR SMALLSCALE CAPITALISM
THIS HELPS A LOT
DIVIDING RUSSIA INTO MANY SEPARATE SELF-GOVERNING REPUBLICS MAKES THE…
USSR-UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
WHAT IS THE NEW NAME FOR RUSSIANS
SOVIETS
THE BOLSHEVIK PARTY BECOMES…
THE COMMUNIST PARTY
WHO DID RUSSIA DECIDE WOULD BE THEIR NEXT LEADER AFTER LENIN
JOSEPH STALIN OR TROTSKY
STALIN BECOMES LEADER AND EXILES TROTSKY
TOTALITARIANISM
COMPLETE AND TOTAL CONTROL
TOTALITARIANISTS USE…
POLICE TERROR, INDOCTRINATION, PROPAGANDA, CENSORSHIP, AND PERSECUTION
EXAMPLE OF A TOTALITARIANIST LEADER
STALIN
INDOCTRINATION
“BRAIN-WASHING” NOT ALL BAD BUT WAS BAD IN RUSSIA
PROPAGANDA
ONE-SIDED INFO
CENSORSHIP
EXCLUDING ANYTHING CRITICAL OF THE SOVIET UNION
PERSECUTION
RELIGION: STALIN DID NOT LIKE ANY RELIGION
ETHNIC: ONLY RUSSIAN WAS GOOD
GREAT PURGE
STALIN WANTED TO GET RID OF ANYONE WITHIN THE COMMUNIST PARTY THAT HE THINKS IS A THREAT. IF THEY ARE A THREAT, THEIR WHOLE FAMILY IS KILLED. DEATH TOLL: 8-13 MILLION
COMMAND ECONOMY
NO SMALL SCALE CAPITALISM
STALIN FORCED THIS ON THE PEOPLE
5 YEAR PLANS
A GOAL/QUOTA PEOPLE HAD TO MEET THAT WERE USUALLY UNOBTAINABLE AT THE END OF 5 YEARS
THERE WERE SHORTAGES OF BASIC NEEDS DURING THESE TIMES/
COLLECTIVE FARMS
ALL LAND BELONGS TO GOVERNMENT AND YOU ARE ASSIGNED TO WORK ON A COLLECTIVE. MUST WORK COOPERATIVELY WITH OTHERS
KULAKS
WEALTHIEST OF THE PEASANTS WHO RESISTED IN EVERY WAY THEY COULD. KILLED THEIR LIVESTOCK AND DESTROYED THEIR OWN FIELDS
HOW MANY PEOPLE LOST THEIR LIVES IN THE MOVE TO COLLECTIVE FARMS
5-10 MILLION
DAILY LIFE IN RUSSIA
WOMENS OPPORTUNITIES SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED
EVERY ASPECT OF THEIR LIVES WAS CONTROLLED BY THE GOVERNMENT
who was SUN YIXIAN
THE FIRST GREAT LEADER OF THE NATIONALIST PARTY
WHAT WERE THE THREE PRINCIPLES OF THE PEOPLE
- NATIONALISM- AN END TO FOREIGN CONTROL
- PEOPLE’S RIGHTS- DEMOCRACY
- PEOPLE’S LIVELIHOOD- ECONOMIC SECURITY FOR ALL
WHY DID YIXIAN GIVE UP POWER? WHO DID HE TURN THE PRESIDENCY OVER TO?
HE LACKED AUTHORITY AND MILITARY SUPPORT
YUAN SHIKAI
WHICH SIDE DID CHINA JOIN IN WWI? WHY?
ALLIES
TO GET BACK CHINESE TERRITORY TAKEN BY GERMANY
WHO WAS MAO ZEDONG?
CHINA’S GREATEST REVOLUTIONARY LEADER
HAD HIS OWN KIND OF COMMUNISM
WHY DID THE NATIONALISTS AND THE COMMUNISTS JOIN TOGETHER? WHAT EVENTUALLY TORE THEM APART?
TO FIGHT THE WARLORDS
JIANG TURNED AGAINST THE COMMUNISTS
EXPLAIN THE LONG MARCH
THE COMMUNIST PARTY REALIZED THEY WERE DEFEATED AND WENT ON A 6,000 MILE JOURNEY
MANY DIED ON THIS JOURNEY
WHAT WERE THE ROWLATT ACTS
BR PASSED LAWS THAT SAID THE GOVERNMENT COULD JAIL PROTESTORS WITHOUT TRIAL FOR AS LONG AS 2 YEARS
WHAT HAPPENED AT AMRITSAR?
ABOUT 10,000 HUNDUS AND MUSLIMS INTENDED TO PROTEST PEACEFULLY AND BR TROOPS FIRED ON THEM KILLING AND INJURING MANY
WHAT IS GANDHI’S NICKNAME AND THE MEANING OF THIS NAME?
MAHATMA- GREAT SOUL
WHAT IS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
DELIBERATE AND PUBLIC REFUSAL TO OBEY A UNJUST LAW
NONVIOLENT
HOW DID GANDHI USE CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE TO WEAKEN BR AUTHORITY
BOYCOTTS ON BR GOODS, STRIKES, SALT MARCH
DESCRIBE THE SALT MARCH AND THE MARCH ON THE SALT PLANT THAT FOLLOWED.
SALT MARCH- TO PROTEST TAX ON SALT MANY INDIANS AND GANDHI WALKED ABOUT 240 MILES TO COLLECT SEA WATER AND LET IT EVAPORATE.
FOLLOWED- THEY WANTED TO SHUT DOWN A BR SALTWORKS BUT THE BR OFFICERS ATTACKED THEM WITH STEEL-TIPPED CLUBS AND THEY REMAINED NONVIOLENT
WHAT HAPPENED DUE TO THE SALT MARCH AND THE MARCH ON THE SALT PLANT THAT FOLLOWED
60,000 PEOPLE INCLUDING GANDHI WERE ARRESTED
WHAT IS THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT
PROVIDED SELF-GOVERNMENT AND LIMITED DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS BUT NOT TOTAL INDEPENDENCE
WHO SAVED TURKEY FROM THE GREEKS? WHAT CHANGES DID HE BRING TO TURKEY?
MUSTAFA KEMAL
- SEPARATED LAWS OF ISLAM AND LAWS OF NATION
- ABOLISHED RELIGIOUS COURTS AND CREATED A NEW LEGAL SYSTEM BASED ON EUROPEAN LAW
- GRANTED WOMEN RIGHT TO VOTE AND TO HOLD OFFICE
- LAUNCHED GOV’T FUNDED PROGRAMS TO INDUSTRIALIZE TURKEY AND TO SPUR ECONOMIC GROWTH
WHO TOOK OVER PERSIA? WHAT DID HE CHANGE THE NAME OF PERSIA TO?
PAHLAVI
IRAN
HOW WERE TURKEY PERSIA AND SAUDI ARABIA SIMILAR? DIFFERENT?
THEY ALL WENT THROUGH GREAT CHANGES AT AROUND THE SAME TIME. EACH COUNTRY HAD SOME MODERNIZATION GOING ON AT THE SAME TIME BUT SAUDI ARABIA LESS THAN THE OTHER TWO. TURKEY IS THE ONLY ONE WHOSE NAME REMAINED THE SAME
