Chapter 14

Question 1

Animism

Answer 1

inanimate objects such as trees, ricks, hills, and rivers are animated (Edward Tylor)

Question 2

Rituals

Answer 2

stylized performances involving symbols that are associated with social, political, and religious activities (Anthony Wallace)

Question 3

Mana

Answer 3

A belief that sacred power inheres in certain high ranking people, sacred spaces, and object

Question 4

worldveiw

Answer 4

a general approach to or set of shared unquestioned assumptions about the world and how it works

Question 5

interpretive approach

Answer 5

a kind of analysis that interpenetrates the underlying symbolic and cultural interconnections within a society

Question 6

religion

Answer 6

a symbolic system that is socially enacted through rituals and other aspects of social life

Question 7

holy struggle

Answer 7

a conflict often political or social that believers see as justified by doing Gods work

Question 8

totemism

Answer 8

a system of thought that associates particular social groups with specific animal or plant species called totems as an emblem

Question 9

shamans

Answer 9

a religious leader who communicates the need sof the living with the spirits

Question 10

trance

Answer 10

a semi conscious state typically brought on by hypnosis, ritual drumming, and singing

Question 11

spirit familiar

Answer 11

a spirit that has developed a close bond with a shaman

Question 12

speaking in tongues

Answer 12

the phenomenon of speaking in an apparently unknown language

Question 13

world religions

Answer 13

religions that claim to be universally significant to all people

Question 14

polytheistic

Answer 14

a type of religion with many gods

Question 15

monotheistic

Answer 15

the belief in a single god

Question 16

magic

Answer 16

an explanatory system of causation that does not follow naturalistic explanations, often working at a distance without direct physical contact

Question 17

sympathetic magic

Answer 17

any magical rite that relied on the supernatural to produce its outcome without working through some supernatural being such as a spirit, demon or deity

Question 18

rite of passage

Answer 18

any life cycle rite that marks a persons or groups transition from one social state to another.

Question 19

secular worldview

Answer 19

a worldview that does not accept the supernatural as influencing current peoples lives

Question 20

fundamentalist

Answer 20

a person belonging to a religious movement that advocates a return to fundamental or traditional principles

Question 21

fundamentalism

Answer 21

conservative religious movements that advocate a return to fundamental or traditional principles