Chapter 14 Flashcards
Why did some Southerners consider the Civil War to be a Second American Revolution?
They saw themselves like the patriots of the War for Independence, as fighting against an oppressive centralized authority.
Which side in the war had the advantage in basic resources (population, food production, and industrial capacity)?
The North
Why was Winfield Scott’s plan to win the war called the “Anaconda Plan”?
Scott’s plan with its blockade of the southern coast and capture of the Mississippi River involved the slow subjugation of the south just as an anaconda slowly crushes its prey.
*What core values were violated by support for slavery?
Freedom, equality
Why did the Confederates not follow up their victory at the First Battle of Manassas?
They were too disorganized.
How did the First Battle of Manassas affect Northern and Southern morale?
The north was demoralized but the south was relieved and confident.
What is the significance of the clash between the Monitor and the Virginia (Merrimac)?
The clash is primarily important as the first battle between iron warships.
What event marred for the Confederates their victory at Chancellorsville?
General Stonewall Jackson was mortally wounded by his own men by mistake.
In what three ways were the series of Confederate victories in the East from First Manassas to Chancellorsville important to the Southern cause?
- Prevented the Union from capturing Richmond.
- Raised southern morale while lowering northern morale.
- Helped increase the possibility of Britain intervening on the Southern side.
*What core values did Lincoln include in the Gettysburg Address?
Freedom, equality
What were the two main campaigns of the Civil War in the West?
The Mississippi River campaign
Kentucky-Tennessee campaign
For what two reasons did the Union want to control the Mississippi River?
Split the confederacy and to provide farmers in the Midwest an outlet for their goods.
How did the South seek to maintain control of the Mississippi River?
By building fortifications along the river such as those in Columbus, Kentucky, and Vicksburg, Mississippi.
The capture of what city was the key to the Mississippi River campaign?
Vicksburg, Mississippi
What were the three goals of Braxton Bragg in his invasion of Kentucky in 1862?
- To raise new troops among pro-confederate Kentuckians
- Possibly to bring Kentucky into the confederacy.
- To slow or halt the Union campaign on the Mississippi River.
How did the fact that so many farm hands went off to fight actually help the growth of agriculture in the North?
The shortage of help forced farmers to use machines such as McCormick’s reaper which proved more efficient than human labor.
What were the four border states at the beginning of the war?
Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware.
What was the main goal of Southern diplomacy during the Civil War?
To persuade a European power, preferably Great Britain, to recognize independence in the confederacy.
What event in 1861 nearly brought Great Britain into the war on the side of the Confederacy?
The Trent Affair
What were Lincoln’s three main purposes in issuing the Emancipation Proclamation?
- To keep Britain from recognizing the confederacy.
- To encourage blacks to join the Union war effort.
- To give the war-weary north to give it another cause to fight.
*Explain how the war adversely affected people on the home front in both the North and the South.
.
Why were the casualties in the eastern campaigns of 1864–65 harder on Lee’s army than on Grant’s even though Grant’s losses were greater?
Grant had sufficient man power to replace the losses but Lee did not.
Why did Jefferson Davis replace Joseph Johnston as commander of the Confederate forces in Georgia?
Davis feared that Johnston’s cautious retreats would result in the loss of Atlanta.
What were Sherman’s two purposes in launching the March to the Sea?
He wanted to destroy supplies that the confederates could use and to demonstrate the inability of the south to resist any longer
