Chapter 14

Question 1

President Reagan’s Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986

Answer 1

• punishing employers who knowingly hired undocumented immigrants
• offering a way for long term undocumented immigrants to become legal.

Question 2

Immigration Act of 1990

Answer 2

-said that no country could account for more than 7 percent of total immigrants

Question 3

Jus sanguinis

Answer 3

law of the blood, focuses on parentage as a basis for citizenship

Question 4

expatriation

Answer 4

person gives up citizenship by leaving United States and becoming a citizen of another country

Question 5

Denaturalization

Answer 5

occurs when it is proved that fraud, deception, or error occurred during naturalization

Question 6

suspect classification

Answer 6

classification made on the basis of race or national origin

Question 7

fundamental rights

Answer 7

right that go to the heart of the American system or are indispensable to a just system

Question 8

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Answer 8

Court ruled that colleges and universities could not use a quota system although they could consider race in admissions

Question 9

security classification system

Answer 9

permits government to keep information that is important to nation security or foreign policy secret

Question 10

Griswold v. Connecticut

Answer 10

Court said Connecticut could not outlaw contraception because it violated privacy of married couples

Question 11

Roe v. Wade

Answer 11

established woman’s right to get an abortion during first 6 months of pregnancy

Question 12

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 12

by late 1800s, half the states adopted Jim Crow laws - state and local laws in mostly southern states that required racial segregation in places like schools, public transportation, and hotels

Question 13

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Answer 13

Court said that the 14th Amendment allowed seperate facilities for different races as long as those facilities were equal.

Question 14

“Seperate but Equal” doctrine

Answer 14

after plessy vs. Ferguson, for the next 50 years, “seperate but equal” doctrine was used to justify segregation.
Court unanimously overruled the “seperate but equal” doctrine.

Question 15

Jus soli

Answer 15

The most common basis for citizenship, the focus is on where a person is born

Soli —> “where”

Question 16

Reed vs. Reed

Answer 16

Court said any law that classifies people on the basis of gender MUST BE REASONABLE, and have a reason.

Question 17

Affirmative action

Answer 17

Set of policies developed in 60’s to remedy past discrimination

Question 18

Washington vs. Davis

Answer 18

Ruled that to prove discrimination in a state law, one must prove that the state was motivated by intent to discriminate.

Question 19

Civil rights movement

Answer 19

• after Brown vs. Board, blacks + whites worked to end racial segregation.
• African Americans would organize non-violent protests against laws that supported racial segregation.
• most were found guilty of breaking these laws.
• when they were found guilty, they could appeal and challenge the constitutionality of the laws.
• most important civil rights leader was Martin Luther King Jr., he led nonviolent protest marches and demonstrations

Question 20

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

Answer 20

Court unanimously overruled the “separate but equal” doctrine. Ended segregation in schools

Question 21

Collective naturalization

Answer 21

Process under which an entire group of people become citizens by a treaty or by an act of congress

Question 22

Wisconsin vs. Mitchell

Answer 22

Court upheld a state law that imprisoned people longer who committed hate crimes, or crimes motivated by prejudice.

Question 23

1965 Immigration Reform Act

Principles?

Answer 23

Abolished the quote system based on national origin.

Principles: reunifying families, and giving priority to certain skills

Question 24

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)

Answer 24

Requires federal agencies to give citizens access to unclassified information. If government doesn’t do it, the person can sue the government to get it.

Question 25

Grutter vs. Bollinger

Answer 25

Court upheld a Univeristy of Michigan admissions policy that gave preference to minorities who applied to its law school.

Schools can use race as a “plus factor”

Question 26

Patriot act

Answer 26

Broadened definition of who could be seen as a terrorist and expanded the governments power to detain, investigate, and prosecute suspected terrorists.

Question 27

Gaining citizenship

Answer 27

• must be 18
• lived in USA as a legal resident alien for 5 years
• been physically present for 2 and a 1/2
• lived in state where petition is filed for at least 3 months
• pass test
• have people testify towards character

Question 28

1978 Foreign Intelligence Act (FISA)

Answer 28

FISA originally required federal agents to get a warrant from a special FISA court before tapping domestic phone and computer lines.