Chapter 14

Question 1

Psychotherapy

Answer 1

the treatment of psychological disorders by employing psychological methods that include a personal relationship between a trained therapist and a client

Question 2

Biomedical therapies

Answer 2

the treatment of psychological disorders by altering brain functioning with physical or chemical interventions

Question 3

Eclectic approach

Answer 3

An approach to psychotherapy in which techniques from various theoretical perspectives are used in treating psychological disorders

Question 4

Psychodynamic therapies

Answer 4

A diverse group of psychotherapies based on the work of Sigmund Freud that assert that psychological disorders stem primarily from unconscious forces

Question 5

Free association

Answer 5

a psychodynamic therapy technique developed by Freud in which clients say whatever comes to mind, without making any effort to inhibit their speech

Question 6

Transference

Answer 6

The process by which the client develops feelings for the therapist that are presumed to reflect the client’s feelings for significant others early in life

Question 7

Countertransference

Answer 7

the process by which the therapist develops feelings for the client that are presumed to reflect feeling the therapist had for others early in life

Question 8

Resistance

Answer 8

anything the client does to interfere with therapeutic progress

Question 9

Behavior therapies

Answer 9

psychotherapies that apply learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

Question 10

counterconditioning

Answer 10

a behavior therapy procedure based on classical conditioning that involves conditioning new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behavior

Question 11

systematic desensitization

Answer 11

a counterconditioning technique that is commonly used to treat phobias, in which the client is gradually exposed to the feared object while remaining relaxed

Question 12

Response prevention

Answer 12

a counterconditioning technique, commonly used in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, in which clients are exposed to the situation where they previously exhibited a compulsive behavior but now are not permitted to engage in the ritual

Question 13

Aversive conditioning

Answer 13

a counterconditioning technique in which a classically conditioned aversive response is conditioned to occur in response to a stimulus previously associated with an undesired behavior

Question 14

Token economy

Answer 14

A technique often used to modify the behavior of severely disturbed people in institutional settings; involves reinforcing desirable behaviors with tokens that can be exchanged for other forms of reinforcement, such as snacks

Question 15

Modeling

Answer 15

a behavioral method of psychotherapy in which desirable behaviors are demonstrated as a way of teaching them to clients

Question 16

social skills training

Answer 16

a behavioral method of psychotherapy in which clients are taught how to interact with others more comfortably and effectively

Question 17

cognitive therapies

Answer 17

psychotherapies that focus on identifying and then modifying dysfunctional patterns of thought

Question 18

rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

Answer 18

the cognitive therapy of Albert Ellis, in which people are confronted with their irrational beliefs and persuaded to develop a more realistic way of thinking

Question 19

Cognitive-behavior therapy

Answer 19

The cognitive therapy of Aaron Beck that identifies and then changes negative thinking and behavior by using both cognitive and behavioral principles

Question 20

Humanistic therapies

Answer 20

psychotherapies that help people get in touch with their feelings, with their “true selves,” and with their purpose in life

Question 21

client-centered therapy

Answer 21

a humanistic therapy in which the client, rather than the therapist, directs the course of therapy

Question 22

open-ended statements

Answer 22

a therapy technique in which the therapist encourage the client to speak, without limiting the topic of conversation “Go on.”

Question 23

reflection

Answer 23

a therapy technique in which the therapist acknowledges an emotion that the client has expressed verbally or non verbally

Question 24

paraphrasing

Answer 24

a therapy technique in which the therapist summarizes the expressed verbal content of the client’s statements

Question 25

Gestalt therapy

Answer 25

a humanistic psychotherapy that stresses awareness of feelings in the here and now

Question 26

Empty-chair technique

Answer 26

a Gestalt technique in which clients engage in emotional expression by imagining that the person to whom they would like to speak is sitting in an empty chair facing them

Question 27

Existential therapy

Answer 27

a philosophical approach to treating clients who are experiencing distress principally related to a lack of meaning in their lives

Question 28

Play therapy

Answer 28

a therapeutic technique in which the therapist provides the child with toys and drawing materials on the assumption that whatever is troubling him/her will be expressed in his/her play

Question 29

Group Therapy

Answer 29

the simultaneous treatment of several clients under the guidance of a therapist

Question 30

self-help group

Answer 30

several people regularly meeting and discussing their problems with one another without the guidance of a therapist

Question 31

Family Therapies

Answer 31

therapies designed to constructively modify the dysfunctional relationships among family members

Question 32

Family systems therapy

Answer 32

a form of family therapy in which the family is treated as a dynamic system, with each member of an important interacting element in that system

Question 33

Couples therapy

Answer 33

therapy designed to help couples improve the quality of their relationship

Question 34

Anti psychotic drugs

Answer 34

drugs that are effective in treating the delusions, hallucinations, and loose associations of schizophrenia by blocking dopamine receptors and thereby reducing dopamine activity

Question 35

Antidepressant drugs

Answer 35

drugs that relieves depression by increasing the supply of norepinephrine and/or serotonin at the neuron’s receptor sites

Question 36

Antianxiety drugs

Answer 36

drugs that have immediate calming effects by facilitating the inhibitory action of the GABA neurotransmitter, thereby reducing nerve impulse transmission

Question 37

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 37

a physiological treatment for severe depression in which a brief electrical shock is administered to the brain of an anesthetized patient

Question 38

Psychosurgery

Answer 38

A rarely used surgical procedure to treat psychological disorders in which brain tissue, thought to be the cause of the disorder, is destroyed

Question 39

Managed care system

Answer 39

a system of insured health care in which the insurance company may determine such issues as which therapists clients may choose, the number of sessions permitted, and which drugs are prescribed