Chapter 13

Question 1

Medical model

Answer 1

the viewpoint from the field of medicine that psychological disorders have a biological basis and can be classified into discrete categories just as physical diseases are

Question 2

Symptom

Answer 2

A sign of a disorder

Question 3

Diagnosis

Answer 3

the process of distinguishing one disorder from another

Question 4

Etiology

Answer 4

the initial cause that led to the development of the disorder

Question 5

Prognosis

Answer 5

a prediction about the likely course of a disorder

Question 6

Maladaptive

Answer 6

the most important criterion in defining a disorder

disruptive and harmful

Question 7

psychological disorder

Answer 7

a pattern of atypical behavior that results in personal distress or significant impairment in a person’s social or occupational functioning

Question 8

culture-biound syndromes

Answer 8

Psychological disorders found only a few cultural groups

Question 9

Diathesis-stress model

Answer 9

A predisposition to a given disorder (diathesis) that combines with environmental stressors to trigger a psychological disorder

Question 10

Stigma

Answer 10

an attribute that serves to discredit a person in the eyes of others

Question 11

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Answer 11

The manual of psychological disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association and used for descriptive diagnoses

Question 12

Anxiety disorders

Answer 12

disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behavior

Question 13

Panic disorder

Answer 13

an anxiety disorder characterized by episodes of intense fear and dread that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly

Question 14

Agoraphobia

Answer 14

Acute anxiety in situations where it is perceived to be difficult or embarrassing to escape, generally public settings or wide-open places

Question 15

Specific phobias

Answer 15

psychological disorders characterized by strong irrational fears of specific objects or situations

Question 16

Social anxiety disorder

Answer 16

an anxiety disorder involving intense fear of being humiliated in the presence of others

Question 17

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Answer 17

an anxiety disorder characterized by a constant state of moderate anxiety

Question 18

Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 18

an anxiety disorder characterized by persistent, unwanted, and distressing actions and/or thoughts

Question 19

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 19

an axiety disorder characterized by flashbacks and recurrent thoughts of life-threatening or other traumatic events

Question 20

Mood disorder

Answer 20

a psychological disorder characterized by emotional extremes that cause significant disruption in daily functioning

Question 21

Major depressive disorder

Answer 21

A mood disorder characterized by extreme and persistent negative moods and the inability to experience pleasure from activities previously enjoyed

Question 22

Dysthymia

Answer 22

Chronic low-level depression lasting more than two years

Question 23

bipolar disorder

Answer 23

a mood disorder characterized by swings between emotional extremes of mania and depression

Question 24

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Answer 24

a subtype of depression characterized by depressive symptoms during the winter months, when daylight hour are reduced

Question 25

dissociative disorders

Answer 25

psychological disorders characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, sense of identity, or perception

Question 26

Dissociative amnesia

Answer 26

a dissociative disorder by the inability to recall important personal information usually of a traumatic or stressful nature

Question 27

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 27

a dissociative disorder characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personalities that take turns controlling the person’s behavior;

Question 28

Schizophrenia

Answer 28

a psychological disorder characterized by severe impairments in thinking, such as hallucinations, delusions, or loose associations

Question 29

Somatoform disorders

Answer 29

psychological disorders involving some body symptom, even though there is no actual physical cause of the symptom

Question 30

Conversion disorder

Answer 30

a somatoform disorder characterized by a specific sensory or motor symptom that has a psychological rather than a physical basis

Question 31

Somatization disorder

Answer 31

a somatoform disorder characterized by a series of numerous physical complaints that have a psychological rather than a physical basis

Question 32

hypochondriasis

Answer 32

a somatoform disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation with or fear of developing some physical condition

Question 33

personality disorder

Answer 33

a psychological disorder characterized by general styles of living that are ineffective and that lead to problems

Question 34

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 34

a personality disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others

Question 35

borderline personality disorder

Answer 35

a personality disorder characterized by instability of interpersonal relationships, self-concept, and emotion

Question 36

Narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 36

a personality disorder characterized by an extremely positive, self-centered, and arrogant self-concept with little empathy for others