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PSYC Final Exam > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Health

A

State of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease

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2
Q

Illness

A

State of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease

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3
Q

Health-Related Quality of Life (HEGIL)

A

What the person can do (functioning)
- Self-care
- Role
- Socia

How the person feels (well-being)
- Emotional well-being
- Pain
- Energy

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4
Q

Health Psychology

A

Study of both positive and negative impacts that humans’ behaviour and decisions have on their health, survival, and well-being.

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5
Q

Approaches to Health and Illness

A

Biomedical model

Biopsychological, social factors

Health Psychology

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6
Q

Biopsychosocial Model

A

focuses on health as well as illness and holds that both are determined by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors.

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7
Q

Acute Disease

A

Temporary conditions

Conditions that develop over a short period of time and cause a rapid change in health.

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8
Q

Chronic Disease

A

Conditions that last at least three months and may require additional support such as physio or occupational therapy

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9
Q

Health Issues - Cancer

A

Leading cause of death in Canada.

Risk Factors

Unhealthy diet, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, promiscuous sexual behaviour, sexually active early teens (especially females).

Coping = medical treatment plus maintaining quality of life

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10
Q

Health Issues - AIDS

A

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; causes AIDS.

HIV attacks immune system until it becomes non-functional.

No cure or vaccine.

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11
Q

Lifestyles and Health - Smoke

A

Smoking delivers a dose of nicotine to the nervous system and stimulates reward circuitry (positive reinforcement).

It also reduces uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms that build during periods of absence (negative reinforcement).

These dual processes reinforce smoking and can lead to intense cravings.

Lung cancer and coronary disease

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12
Q

Lifestyle and Health - Obesity

A

27% of Canadians are obese

Associated with detrimental health consequences: cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis (degeneration of bone and cartilage material), and some forms of cancer.

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13
Q

Lifestyle and Health - Alcohol

A

Alcohol abuse/dependence more prevalent among men than women; genetic factors.

Cirrhosis of the liver.

Alcohol during pregnancy affects developing
fetus.

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14
Q

Psychosocial Influences on Health

A

In Canada access to quality healthcare is not a given.

Biases exist in all aspects of health.

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15
Q

Poverty

A

Less access to healthcare

Lack of control

Magnified by stress

Poorer diets

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16
Q

Discrimination

A

Uncontrollable and unpredictable

Increased blood pressure

Unhealthy behaviours

17
Q

Interpersonal relationships

A

Ability to keep positive relationships and to endure and recover from social isolation and life stressors.

18
Q

Social Isolation

A

As great a risk as smoking, obesity, and high blood pressure

Married Couples tend to live longer

19
Q

Social contagion

A

Subtle, unintentional spreading of a behaviour because of social interactions.

20
Q

Stress

A

Physiological and psychological response to stressor that threatens or challenges our ability to cope effectively

21
Q

Stressors

A

Event capable of producing physical or emotional stress

22
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome

A

sequence of reactions in response to stressors.

23
Q

Three Stages of GAS

A
  1. Alarm Stage
    - Sympathetic nervous system releases hormones; emotional reaction – defense forces mobilized to respond to the stressor.
  2. Resistance Stage
    Physiological efforts to resist or adapt to stressor.

3.Exhaustion Stage
If organism fails in efforts to resist stressor.

24
Q

Distress

A

Damaging or unplesant stress

Not asking how someone dEstress

25
Q

Eustress

A

Positive or good stress

26
Q

Stress Response - 4 Fs

A

Fight: facing any perceived threat aggressively.

Flight: running away from danger.

Freeze: unable to move or act against a threat.

Fawn (or appease): immediately acting to try to please to avoid any conflict

27
Q

PTSD

A

Typically results from experiencing extreme trauma (acute or chronic)

28
Q

Immune System

A

Body’s defense against invading bacteria, viruses, and other illness-producing organisms

29
Q

Optimism

A

Optimism lowers stress.

May reduce risk of illness (positive psychology).

30
Q

Psychological Hardiness

A

See stressor as a challenge instead of a threat

Committed to get through stressor

Feelings of being in control of the situation.

31
Q

Social Support

A

Can give help, information, advice, emotional support

32
Q

There are 2 basic ways of coping

A
  1. Problem-focused coping:
    - Attempts to tackle the problem head on
    educing, modifying, eliminating source(s) of stress.
  2. Emotion-focused coping:
    - Dealing with one’s feelings about the stressful event - changing emotional responses
33
Q

Lifestyle and Health - Exercise

A

Aerobic exercise such as running, swimming or rowing for a minimum 2.5 hours per week is recommended.

Only 2 in 10 adults and 1 in 10 children and youth achieve the basic recommended exercise.

34
Q

Lifestyle and Health - Meditation and Relaxation

A

Meditation and Relaxation

Focused attention/open-monitoring
Mindfulness-based stress reduction
Integrated mind-body training

35
Q

Resilience Defined

A

Individual’s ability to cultivate strengths to positively meet the challenges of life

Factors that help the individual to overcome adversity and beat the heavy odds against them

Not a trait that people either have or do not have.

36
Q

Emotional Resilience

A

being able to overcome stressors or endure negative life events while finding personal meaning in such experiences

37
Q

Post-Traumatic Growth

A

Individual who experiences positive life changes coping with a traumatic event or life crisis

PSYC Final Exam (6 decks)

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