Chapter 11

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

Activates a specific goal-directed behaviour
Huger, thirst, sex, escape, money, power

Question 2

Emotion

Answer 2

The subjective experience of a physiological reaction to a stimulus
Anxiety, excitement, disgust, love

Question 3

What is Motivation

Answer 3

A psychological process that directs and maintains behavior toward a goal.

The driving force within individuals that impels them to action

Question 4

Motives

Answer 4

A stimulus that moves a person to behave in ways designed to accomplish a specific goal

Question 5

Drive reduction theory

Answer 5

When individuals experience a need or drive which can create internal tension, they’re motivated to reduce that need or drive.

• Hunger, thirst, and sexual frustration
• Strength of drives is affected by arousal

Question 6

Homeostasis

Answer 6

Homeostasis is the process of maintaining relatively stable internal states, balance or equilibrium.

Question 7

Incentive Theories

Answer 7

Incentive theories propose that individuals are often motivated by positive goals

Question 8

Drive Theory

Answer 8

Biological internal motivation (homeostasis)

Question 9

Incentive Theory

Answer 9

Environmental motivation (not as much homeostasis, more outside factors)

Question 10

Arousal Theory

Answer 10

Arousal – level of alertness, wakefulness, and activation caused by activity in the Central Nervous System.

Question 11

Primary Motivation - Need to belong

Answer 11

Belonging is a Need, Not a Want

It is one of our most fundamental needs and drives much of our motivation.

Question 12

Humanistic Theory - Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 12

• Needs arranged in order of urgency.
• Explain range of human motivation.

Maslow thought that striving to become something or to do something meaningful in one’s life is essential for humans.

Question 13

Love - a Motivational System

Answer 13

Love may be a goal-oriented state in a way that is similar to hunger and sex drives.

Question 14

Love (Three major elements)

Answer 14

Intimacy
Commitment
Passion

Question 15

Achievement Motivation

Answer 15

The drive to perform at high levels and to accomplish significant goals.

Question 16

Three Components of Emotion

Answer 16

1. thought and/or experience (cognitive appraisal)
2. patterns of neural activity and physical arousal (physiological arousal)
3. An observable behavioural expression (e.g., an emotional facial expression or changes in muscle tension)

Question 17

The Autonomic Response

Answer 17

The sympathetic division prepares the body to respond to stress.

Question 18

James-Lange Theory of Emotions

Answer 18

fear follows the physiological response.

For example, your heart was racing, which made you nervous about the noise.

Question 19

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 19

Feeling of emotion (e.g., fear) occurs at same time as physiological arousal (e.g.,pounding heart).

Question 20

Culture and Emotions

Answer 20

Though emotion has similarity across cultures, there are some important cultural differences.

Question 21

Relatedness

Answer 21

Feeling connected with others, a need satisfied by forming meaningful bonds with other people such as family members, teammates, or colleagues at school and work

Question 22

Autonomy

Answer 22

The need to feel in control of your own life

Question 23

Competence

Answer 23

The ability to perform a task at a skill level that is satisfying to the individual

Question 24

Amygdala

Answer 24

receives sensory input from the cortex, approximately 200 ms after an emotional stimulus appears

fires when we perceive emotion

Question 25

Emotional dialects

Answer 25

Very sick across cultures and how common emotions are expressed