Chapter 14-17 Flashcards
How much ATP is generated vis substrate level phosphorylation
4 total ATP
Define Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxygen is reduced by adding electrones and ADP is oxidised by phosphorylating it
List the three complexes in the mitochondrial matrix
- Complex 1: NADH dehydrogenase complex
- Complex 2: Cytochrome C Reductive complex
- Complex 3: Cytochrome C Oxidase complex
The fluis in which orgenells are held
Cytosol
The double membraned orgenell that stores the cells DNA and controls the cells functions
Necleus
Responsible for proteine synthesis
Rough ER
Responsible for lipid synthesis
Smooth ER
Handles sorting and packing
Golgi Appratus
Containes enzymes responsible for digestion
Lysosome
ATP synthesis occures here
Mitochondira
generates perxoisomes to detoxicify cell
Peroxisomes
Contains the thylocoide membrane and the chroma
Chloropalsts
Facilitates the sorting of material
Endosomes
This system is defined as the communication system between diffrient orgenells
Endomenbrane system
List the orgenells that are appart of the endomembrane system
- ER
- Golgi appratus
- Lysosmes
- Perxoisomes
- Endosomes
Name the enzymes sent to perxoisomes to neutralize free radicals in the cell
Catlylase oxidase
What needs to be present on a protien to determine where that proteine needs to go
a signal sequence
List the organells whos proteins come from the cytosol
- necleus
- mitochondira
- chlorpalst
- peroxisome
List the organells who recive their proteins from the ER
- Golgi appratus
- Lysosome
- Endosomes
- Inner Nuclear Membrane
This transport method relies on a nuclear localization signal present on the protein being recognized by a nuclear import receptor and being dragged through the necluar pore
Also refered to as Gates Transport
Nuclear Pore Transport
Name the cofactors involved in gated transport that are of a higher concentration in the cytosol
- Ran-GDP
- Ran-GAP
Name the cofactors involved in gated transport that are of a higher concentration in the necluar pore
- Ran-GTP
- Ran-GEF
This protein transportation method relies on mitochondrial signal sequence being recognized by a outter membrane protein translocator which traports the signal sequeqnce into the inner membrane space where it its recoginzed by and inner membrane transloacter and the rest of the protein is unfolded and tranported across.
Transmembrane protein transport (Mitochondria)
The signal-recognition particle binds to the ribosome and the ER signal and is recognized by a receptor after proteine synthesis is slowed. Once bound, SRP is released and the ribosome is passed to a proteine translocator where proteine synthesis resetarts.
What is being discribed
Transmembrane proteine transport (ER)
When a proteine is synthesized in the lumen, where are the ribosomes located?
on the ER
Proteins in the lumen can end up where?
in the extra cellular space or in the lumen of another orgenell
Discribe how single pass transmembrane proteins are synthesized in the ER
A signal sequence at the N-terminal initates transfer which will leater be halted by a stop transfer sequence and the polypeptide chain will be discharged into the lipid bilayer where synthesis on the cytosolic side will continue
Discribe how double pass transmembrane protiens are synthesized
An internal signal sequence starts proteine transfer and is never removed and translocation starts until a stop sequence is reached. Some proteinhs have multiple start and stop sequences
The movement of proteins across the inner and outer mitochondiral membrane are facilitated by what?
Chaperon proteins
List the two main functions of the protein coat
- shaping the membrane into a bud
- captrues molicules for transport
This coat buds from the golgi appratus or from the enocytotic pathway plasma membrane
clathrin coat
The protein responsible for pinching off the clathrin coated pit
Dynamin
This protein is responsible for secureing the clathrin coat to the vessicle and selects specific cargo molicules
Adaptins
Molucules selected by adaptins carry ________________ which are recognized by ____
- specific transport signals
- cardo receptors
Discribe how ion gated channels function
A signal molicule binds to the lignand of the channel which changes its conformation causing it to open and allowing for the transport of ions across the membrane
When a cell is absorbing something
Endocytisus
Cell drinking
Pinocytosis
Cell eating
Phagocytosis
When receptor is requiered for phagocytosis, it is ______ ______
Receptor mediated
This form of signaling is done via hormones
Endocrine
This form of signaling is revived by all cells near the signaling cell
Paracrine
The signaling relies on neural cells
Neuronal
This form of signaling relies on physical contact for communication
Contact dependent
How are complex responses generated from signals?
Multiple signals at the same time result in complex responses
G proteins aremade up of how many sub units
3
Which two diseases are a result of a G proteine malfunction
Chloera
Whooping cough
What is the most common kind of enzyme kinked receptor
Receptor Tryosine Kinase
