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Cell And Mol > Chapter 14-17 > Flashcards

Chapter 14-17 Flashcards

1
Q

How much ATP is generated vis substrate level phosphorylation

A

4 total ATP

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2
Q

Define Oxidative Phosphorylation

A

Oxygen is reduced by adding electrones and ADP is oxidised by phosphorylating it

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3
Q

List the three complexes in the mitochondrial matrix

A
  1. Complex 1: NADH dehydrogenase complex
  2. Complex 2: Cytochrome C Reductive complex
  3. Complex 3: Cytochrome C Oxidase complex
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4
Q

The fluis in which orgenells are held

A

Cytosol

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5
Q

The double membraned orgenell that stores the cells DNA and controls the cells functions

A

Necleus

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6
Q

Responsible for proteine synthesis

A

Rough ER

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7
Q

Responsible for lipid synthesis

A

Smooth ER

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8
Q

Handles sorting and packing

A

Golgi Appratus

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9
Q

Containes enzymes responsible for digestion

A

Lysosome

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10
Q

ATP synthesis occures here

A

Mitochondira

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11
Q

generates perxoisomes to detoxicify cell

A

Peroxisomes

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12
Q

Contains the thylocoide membrane and the chroma

A

Chloropalsts

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13
Q

Facilitates the sorting of material

A

Endosomes

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14
Q

This system is defined as the communication system between diffrient orgenells

A

Endomenbrane system

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15
Q

List the orgenells that are appart of the endomembrane system

A
  • ER
  • Golgi appratus
  • Lysosmes
  • Perxoisomes
  • Endosomes
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16
Q

Name the enzymes sent to perxoisomes to neutralize free radicals in the cell

A

Catlylase oxidase

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17
Q

What needs to be present on a protien to determine where that proteine needs to go

A

a signal sequence

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18
Q

List the organells whos proteins come from the cytosol

A
  • necleus
  • mitochondira
  • chlorpalst
  • peroxisome
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19
Q

List the organells who recive their proteins from the ER

A
  • Golgi appratus
  • Lysosome
  • Endosomes
  • Inner Nuclear Membrane
20
Q

This transport method relies on a nuclear localization signal present on the protein being recognized by a nuclear import receptor and being dragged through the necluar pore

Also refered to as Gates Transport

A

Nuclear Pore Transport

21
Q

Name the cofactors involved in gated transport that are of a higher concentration in the cytosol

A
  • Ran-GDP
  • Ran-GAP
22
Q

Name the cofactors involved in gated transport that are of a higher concentration in the necluar pore

A
  • Ran-GTP
  • Ran-GEF
23
Q

This protein transportation method relies on mitochondrial signal sequence being recognized by a outter membrane protein translocator which traports the signal sequeqnce into the inner membrane space where it its recoginzed by and inner membrane transloacter and the rest of the protein is unfolded and tranported across.

A

Transmembrane protein transport (Mitochondria)

24
Q

The signal-recognition particle binds to the ribosome and the ER signal and is recognized by a receptor after proteine synthesis is slowed. Once bound, SRP is released and the ribosome is passed to a proteine translocator where proteine synthesis resetarts.

What is being discribed

A

Transmembrane proteine transport (ER)

25
Q

When a proteine is synthesized in the lumen, where are the ribosomes located?

A

on the ER

26
Q

Proteins in the lumen can end up where?

A

in the extra cellular space or in the lumen of another orgenell

27
Q

Discribe how single pass transmembrane proteins are synthesized in the ER

A

A signal sequence at the N-terminal initates transfer which will leater be halted by a stop transfer sequence and the polypeptide chain will be discharged into the lipid bilayer where synthesis on the cytosolic side will continue

28
Q

Discribe how double pass transmembrane protiens are synthesized

A

An internal signal sequence starts proteine transfer and is never removed and translocation starts until a stop sequence is reached. Some proteinhs have multiple start and stop sequences

29
Q

The movement of proteins across the inner and outer mitochondiral membrane are facilitated by what?

A

Chaperon proteins

30
Q

List the two main functions of the protein coat

A
  • shaping the membrane into a bud
  • captrues molicules for transport
31
Q

This coat buds from the golgi appratus or from the enocytotic pathway plasma membrane

A

clathrin coat

32
Q

The protein responsible for pinching off the clathrin coated pit

A

Dynamin

33
Q

This protein is responsible for secureing the clathrin coat to the vessicle and selects specific cargo molicules

A

Adaptins

34
Q

Molucules selected by adaptins carry ________________ which are recognized by ____

A
  • specific transport signals
  • cardo receptors
35
Q

Discribe how ion gated channels function

A

A signal molicule binds to the lignand of the channel which changes its conformation causing it to open and allowing for the transport of ions across the membrane

36
Q

When a cell is absorbing something

A

Endocytisus

37
Q

Cell drinking

A

Pinocytosis

38
Q

Cell eating

A

Phagocytosis

39
Q

When receptor is requiered for phagocytosis, it is ______ ______

A

Receptor mediated

40
Q

This form of signaling is done via hormones

A

Endocrine

41
Q

This form of signaling is revived by all cells near the signaling cell

A

Paracrine

42
Q

The signaling relies on neural cells

A

Neuronal

43
Q

This form of signaling relies on physical contact for communication

A

Contact dependent

44
Q

How are complex responses generated from signals?

A

Multiple signals at the same time result in complex responses

45
Q

G proteins aremade up of how many sub units

A

3

46
Q

Which two diseases are a result of a G proteine malfunction

A

Chloera

Whooping cough

47
Q

What is the most common kind of enzyme kinked receptor

A

Receptor Tryosine Kinase

Cell And Mol (2 decks)

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