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Nurs 211 > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomy

A

Commitment to include patients in decisions

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2
Q

Beneficence

A

Taking positive actions to help others

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3
Q

Nonmaleficence

A

Avoidance of harm or hurt

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4
Q

Justice

A

Being fair

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5
Q

Fidelity

A

Agreement to keep promises, unwillingness to abandon patients regardless of the circumstance

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6
Q

Just culture

A

Encourages transparency and learning from mistakes, discuss errors openly to improve patient safety - open discussion without fear of recrimination

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7
Q

ANA basic principles

A

Responsibility, accountability, advocacy, and confidentiality (remains constant)

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8
Q

Advocacy

A

refers to the support of particular cause - you advocate for the health, safety, and rights of patients

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9
Q

Responsibility

A

Willingness to respect obligations and to follow through on promises

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10
Q

Accountability

A

refers to ability to answer for one’s own actions

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11
Q

Confidentiality

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability mandates protection of the patient’s personal health information

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12
Q

Value

A

a personal belief about the worth of a given idea, attitude, custom or object that sets standards that influence behavior

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13
Q

Deontology

A

Defines actions as right or wrong

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14
Q

Feminist Ethics

A

Focuses on the inequality between people

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15
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Proposes that the value of something is determined by its usefulness

Also known as consequentialism, focuses on the outcomes or consequences of actions

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16
Q

Ethics of care

A

Emphasizes the importance of understanding relationships, especially as they are revealed in personal narratives

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17
Q

Casuistry

A

Case-based reasoning

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18
Q

Teleology

A

Associated with utilitarianism, referring to the study of ends or final causes, with an emphasis on the outcome of actions

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19
Q

Which ethical theory encourages decision-making based on consensus rather than adhering strictly to principles?

A

Casuistry
- encourages consensus-building and focuses on specific situations rather than applying rigid ethical principles, allowing for more flexible decision-making.

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20
Q

Processing an Ethical Dilemma

A

Step
1: Ask if this is an ethical dilemma
2: Gather all relevant information
3: Clarify values
4: Verbalize the problem
5: Identify possible courses of action
6: Negotiate the outcome
7: Evaluate the action

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21
Q

Criminal Law

A

To prevent harm to society and to provide punishment for crimes (felonies or misdemeanors)

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22
Q

Civil law

A

Protect rights of individuals

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23
Q

Statutory law (Nurse Practice Act)

A

describes and defines the legal boundaries of nursing practice in each state. The Nurse Practice Act of each state defines the scope of nursing practice and expanded nursing roles, sets education requirements for nurses, and distinguishes between nursing and medical practice.

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24
Q

Regulatory Law (administrative law)

A

defines your duty to report incompetent or unethical nursing conduct to the Board of Nursing.

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25
Q

Common law

A

results from judicial decisions concerning individual cases. Most of these revolve around negligence and malpractice.
-evolves from judicial decisions in court cases, especially concerning issues like negligence and malpractice in nursing.

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26
Q

Nurse Practice Acts define…

A

the scope of nursing practice, distinguishing between nursing and medical practice and establishing education and licensure requirements for nurses

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27
Q
  1. Which organization requires hospitals to have written nursing policies and procedures?
    • A) American Nurses Association (ANA)
    • B) National League for Nursing (NLN)
    • C) Joint Commission (TJC)
    • D) State Board of Nursing (BON)
A

C) Joint Commission (TJC)

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28
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

A

Protects rights of people with physical or mental disabilities. Healthcare workers cannot discriminate against a patients disabilities.

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29
Q

Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act

A

When a patient presents to an emergency department, they must be treated. Can not be discharged or transfer until the patients condition stabilizes.

30
Q

Mental Health Parity Act as Enacted Under PPACA

A

Strengthens mental health services
-insurers can not discriminate or deny coverage to patients with mental illness because of preexisting conditions

31
Q

Uniform Anatomical Gift Act

A

An individual less than 18 years old of age has the right to make an organ donation

32
Q

Torts

A

a civil wrong made against a person or property

33
Q

Intentional Torts

A

Willful acts that violate another rights

34
Q

(Quasi-intentional tort) Invasion of privacy

A

release of a patients medical information to an unauthorized person

35
Q

(Quasi-intentional tort) Defamation of character

A

the publication of false statements

36
Q

(defamation) Slander

A

when one speaks falsely about another

37
Q

(defamation) Libel

A

is the written defamation of character

38
Q

Negligence (Unintentional torts)

A

conduct that falls below the generally accepted standard

39
Q

Malpractice (Unintentional tort)

A

professional negligence

40
Q

Quasi-intentional tort

A

civil wrong that occurs when a person’s speech cause economic harm or damage to another person’s reputation

41
Q

Deontology

A

Defines actions as right or wrong based on their “right-making characteristics”

42
Q

A nurse is considering the ethical implications of a treatment that could be beneficial for some patients but harmful to others. Which ethical principle is primarily concerned with the rightness or wrongness of the actions themselves, regardless of the consequences?

A. Utilitarianism

B. Deontology

C. Feminist ethics

D. Casuistry

A

B. Deontology

Rationale: Deontology is an ethical theory that evaluates the morality of actions based on whether they adhere to rules or duties, rather than focusing on the consequences.

43
Q

A nurse is discussing a case with colleagues and emphasizes the importance of looking at similar past cases to guide the decision-making process. This approach is aligned with which ethical principle?

A. Utilitarianism

B. Deontology

C. Feminist ethics

D. Casuistry

A

D. Casuistry

Rationale: Casuistry is a case-based reasoning approach that uses past cases to inform ethical decision-making in current situations.

44
Q

A nurse is evaluating the consequences of a new procedure that has been proposed. What ethical principle should the nurse consider to determine the procedure’s morality based on its outcomes?

A. Deontology

B. Utilitarianism

C. Feminist ethics

D. Casuistry

A

B. Utilitarianism

Rationale: Utilitarianism evaluates the morality of actions based on their consequences and overall benefit.

45
Q

During a discussion about ethical frameworks, a nursing student mentions that all ethical decisions should be based on individual circumstances. This perspective aligns with which ethical approach?

A. Utilitarianism

B. Deontology

C. Feminist ethics

D. Casuistry

A

D. Casuistry

Rationale: Casuistry emphasizes analyzing individual cases and circumstances to determine ethical actions.

46
Q

A nurse advocates for changes in hospital policy to ensure that all patients have a say in their treatment options, particularly those from historically marginalized groups. Which ethical approach is the nurse employing?

A. Utilitarianism

B. Deontology

C. Feminist ethics

D. Casuistry

A

C. Feminist ethics

Rationale: This approach emphasizes the importance of relationships and the inclusion of diverse voices in decision-making, especially from those who have been marginalized.

47
Q

Criminal Laws

A

Prevent harm to society and to provide punishment for crimes

48
Q

Civil laws

A

Protect the rights of individuals and provide for fair and equitable treatment when civil wrongs or violations occur

49
Q

Common Law

A

Results from judicial decisions concerning individual cases

50
Q

Regulatory Law

A

Defines your duty to report incompetent or unethical nursing conduct to the Board of Nursing

51
Q

Felony

A

Serious offense that results in significant harm to another person or society in general

52
Q

A misdemeanor

A

a crime that, although injurious, does not inflict serious harm

53
Q

Advance Directives

A

Written documents that outlay the patient’s wishes, should he or she become incapacitated.

54
Q

A nurse’s failure to provide appropriate care, resulting in harm to a patient, may result in a lawsuit for:

A. Criminal charges

B. Battery

C. Negligence

D. Assault

A

C. Negligence

Rationale: Negligence occurs when a healthcare provider fails to provide the standard of care that a reasonably competent provider would have provided, leading to patient harm.

55
Q

A nurse learns that a patient is being discharged against medical advice (AMA). What should the nurse document in the patient’s record?

A. The patient’s understanding of the risks of leaving AMA.

B. The nurse’s opinion about the patient’s decision.

C. A detailed account of the conversation with the physician.

D. The nurse’s recommendation for further treatment

A

A. The patient’s understanding of the risks of leaving AMA.

Rationale: It is essential to document that the patient was informed of the risks associated with leaving AMA and that they understood those risks, which protects both the patient and the healthcare provider legally.

56
Q

If a nurse does not report suspected child abuse, which legal concept may they be violating?

A. Regulatory law

B. Civil law

C. Common law

D. Criminal law

A

A. Regulatory law

Rationale: Nurses are mandated reporters and have a legal obligation to report suspected abuse to the appropriate authorities. Failing to do so may result in disciplinary actions under regulatory law.

57
Q

Intentional Torts

A

Willful acts that violate another’s rights (assault, battery, and false imprisonment)

58
Q

Assault

A

Intentional threat towards another person. No actual contact is required for an assault to occur.

59
Q

Battery

A

Any intentional offensive touching without consent or lawful justification

-this can also be a healthcare provider performing a procedure that goes beyond their scope of patient’s consent

60
Q

Tort of false imprisonment

A

Unjustified restraint of a person without a legal reason

61
Q

Slander

A

When one speaks falsely about another

62
Q

Libel

A

The written defamation of character

63
Q

Malpractice

A

One type of negligence that often referred to as professional negligence

64
Q

Negligence

A

Conduct that falls below the generally accepted standard of care of a reasonably prudent person

65
Q

Which of the following scenarios best describes malpractice in nursing?

A. A nurse forgets to provide a patient with their scheduled medication.

B. A nurse fails to report a colleague’s drug use.

C. A nurse administers the wrong medication, leading to patient harm.

D. A nurse accidentally drops a patient while transferring them.

A

C. A nurse administers the wrong medication, leading to patient harm.

Rationale: Malpractice involves professional negligence where the nurse’s actions lead to harm due to failure to meet the standard of care.

66
Q

The “Defendant” owed a duty of care to the “Plaintiff”

A

The nurse owed a duty of care to the patient

67
Q

Who is responsible to obtain informed consent?

A

It is the provider/doctor responsibility, not the nurses

68
Q

Which of the following scenarios describes an intentional tort?

A. A nurse administers the wrong medication to a patient.

B. A nurse threatens to restrain a patient if they do not comply with the treatment.

C. A nurse fails to monitor a patient’s vital signs.

D. A nurse forgets to document a medication administration.

A

B

Rationale: An intentional tort includes acts like assault, where there is an intentional threat toward another person, regardless of whether actual contact occurs.

69
Q
A
70
Q
A
71
Q
A
72
Q
A

Nurs 211 (7 decks)

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