Chapter 14 & 15: Federal Bureaucracy Flashcards
What is a revenue?
a state’s annual income from which public expenses are met.
INCOME
What is a budget?
government document presenting the government’s proposed revenues and spending for a financial year that is often passed by the legislature, approved by the chief executive or president and presented by the Finance Minister to the nation.
Which branch has power when dealing with the budget and whose economic power is limited?
Congress and presidents is limited
Which branch of congress appropriates(gives money for a special purpose)?
HOE
Who are the major players in the budgetary congress?and what do they do?
President and the office of management and budget (OMB)
~produces presidents budget
~largest office within EOP
Congress and the congressional budget office (CBO)
~provides budget and economic info to Congress
How long does the budget process take? And what’s the process?
Takes 18 months to create the federal budget
Must find s balance between mandatory and discretionary spending
Difference between mandatory and discretionary spending
Mandatory (entitlement) - has to be spent at a certain place
Ej: social security,Medicare,Medicaid
Discretionary - implemented through an appropriations bill
Optional part of fiscal policy
What is an appropriations bill?other names
Running bill
Supply bill
Authorizes the government to spend money
Sets monies aside for specific spending
Fiscal policy
The means by which a government adjusts its spending levels and tax rates to monitor and influence a nations economy
What is a bureaucracy?and what is its responsibility?
Systematic way of organizing a complex and large administrative structure.
Responsible for carrying out day to day tasks of the organization
Fun fact
Bureaucracy at the federal level is the largest in the u.s with over 2.8 million employees
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF BUREAUCRACY
Hierarchical authority
Job specialization
Formal rules
Similar to a pyramid
Workers have defined duties and responsibilities
Established regulations and procedures
History and growth of bureaucracy
Beginnings
Spoils system
Reform movements
~In the beginning Standards for office included qualifications & political acceptability
~SP:practice of giving offices & government favors to political supporters and friends
~RM:competitive exams were tried but failed due to inadequate funding from Congress
What is the Pendleton act?also called and when it was passed
Civil service Act of 1883
Passed after assassination of Garfield by a disappointed office seeker
Replaced the spoils system with a merit based system as basis for hiring and promotion instead of political affiliation
Hatch Act of 1939 … When was it amended and who is exempt from it ? Which branch?
Amended in 1993
Prohibits gov employees from engaging in political activities while on duty or running for office
President VP
Civil service reform act of 1978 and what is replaced
Created the office of management to recruit train and establish classifications and salaries for federal employees
Replaced the civil service commission
How is the bureaucracy organized?
Cabinet departments
Independent executive agencies
Independent regulatory agencies
Government corporations
Red tape
Excessive bureaucracy or adherence to rules and formalities especially in public business
A series of actions or complicated tasks that seem unnecessary but that a government or organization requires you to do in order to get or do something
Cabinet departments
How many
Headed by who except which one?
15 executive departments
created to advise the president and operate a specific Area of government activity
Each department is headed by a a secretary (except) department of justice headed by attorney general
Independent executive agencies
Similar to which of the four bureaucratic organizations ? Ejemplos
Similar to cabinet without the status
Ej: NASA o small business administration
Independent regulatory agencies
What is it specifically independent from ?
What does the federal reserve board do and who is it appointed by?
Who funds and created all of these agencies
Independent from executive
Created to regulate or police
~SEC
~Nuclear regulatory commission
~Federal Reserve Board: runs our economy,Appointed by PRES
all agencies created and funded by congress
*can be impeached
Government corporations
Created by Congress to carry out business like activities
They charge for service
Ej: USPS , AMTRACK( train service)
INFLUENCE ON BUREAUCRACY
What influence does the executive have on the bureaucracy
What influence does congress have on the bureaucracy
Iron triangles(sub governments)
Issue networks
Difference between IO AND IN
EX:Appointing the right people , issuing executive orders affecting the agency budget , restructuring of the agency
CG:Influencing appointments, affecting the agency’s budget , holding hearing , rewriting legislations or making legislation more detailed
IO:alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies , interests groups and congressional committees or sub committees
IN:individuals in Washington located within the interest groups, congressional staff, think tanks , universities or media who regularly discuss and advocate public policy
DIFFERENCE: IN disband and form continually
Think tanks
Institutions affiliated with universities, governments , advocacy groups , foundations , non-governmental organizations, businesses that generate public policy research , analysis , and activity
*hire people to study public policy and issues
