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Chemistry > Chapter 14-15 > Flashcards

Chapter 14-15 Flashcards

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1
Q

Intermolecular forces

A

Forces that attract molecules to each other
+ attracting -
Responsible for state of matter at room temperature

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2
Q

Electrostatic attraction

A

Intermolecular forces

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3
Q

Dipole

A

Molecule with a polar covalent bond
(One part is charged +, one part is charged -)
Temporary because electrons always moving

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4
Q

Hydrogen bonding (IMF)

A

Strongest
Attraction between molecules containing very strong dipoles
In molecules containing hydrogen bonded to a very electronegative element
(H2O, NH3, HF)

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5
Q

Dipole-dipole bonding (IMF)

A

Middle strength
Attraction between two dipole molecules
In all dipoles when they get close to each other
(H2S, HCl, HBr)

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6
Q

(London) Dispersion Forces (IMF)

A

Weakest
Attraction between two non polar molecules
In all molecules, but major force of attraction in two non polar molecules
(CO2, Br2, I2)

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7
Q

Substance with ______ IMF will probably be a gas at room temperature

A

Weak

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8
Q

Substance with ________ IMF will probably be solid or liquid at room temperature

A

Strong

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9
Q

Vapor Pressure

A

Measured when a liquid is placed in a sealed container at measured temperature and allowed to evaporate. Air above liquid becomes saturated with vapor.

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10
Q

Equilibrium

A

For every molecule that evaporates, one condenses

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11
Q

When do liquids boil

A

When the vapor pressure = atmosphere pressure

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12
Q

As temperature of a liquid increases, vapor pressure above the liquid ______

A

Increases

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13
Q

When there is a lower atmospheric pressure, the vapor pressure needed to boil is _______ so it boils at a _______ temperature

A

Lower

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14
Q

Viscosity

A

A fluids resistance to flow

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15
Q

Surface tension

A

The intermolecular attraction between the molecules at the surface of a liquid

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16
Q

Sublimation

A

Solid > gas

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17
Q

Deposition

A

Gas > solid

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18
Q

Vaporization

A

Evaporation
Boiling
(Liquid > gas)

19
Q

Triple point

A

Point at which all three states of matter coexist

20
Q

Critical point

A

Point beyond which only gas is possible (supercritical fluid)

21
Q

Normal freezing point

A

At 1 ATM pressure, point at which melt/freeze

22
Q

Normal boiling point

A

At 1 ATM pressure, point at which boil/condense

23
Q

Solution

A

Evenly mixed throughout

Contains solute and solvent

24
Q

Solvent

A

Substance in greatest amount in a solution

25
Q

Solute

A

Substance in least amount in a solution

26
Q

Aqueous solution

A

Solution in which water is the solvent

27
Q

Most common solution mixes

A

Solid in liquid
Liquid in liquid
Gas in liquid
Gas in gas

28
Q

Colloids

A

Not solution

Really small particles, stay suspended in the solvent, not really dissolved.

29
Q

Tyndall effect

A

Used to identify colloids

Shine light through

30
Q

Suspensions

A

Larger particles in a solvent, not really dissolved.

Let them settle to identify

31
Q

Solution formation

A

“Like dissolve like”
Polar dissolve polar
Non polar dissolve non polar
Polar will not dissolve non polar

32
Q

Miscible

A

(Of liquids)

Forming a homogenous mixture when added together

33
Q

Immiscible

A

(Of liquids)

Not forming a homogenous mixture when added together

34
Q

Non electrolyte

A

A substance that doesn’t readily ionize when dissolved or melted and is a poor conductor of electricity

35
Q

Concentration

A

A measure of how much solute is dissolved in a solution

36
Q

Concentrated

A

A lot of solute in a solution

37
Q

Dilute

A

Less solvent in a solution

38
Q

Molarity

A

Moles of solute divided by liters of solution

39
Q

Supersaturated solution

A

Created when you heat up solvent, dissolve more solute, slowly cool it down, the extra solution will stay dissolved

40
Q

Henry’s law

A

(Gasses)

Increase in pressure over liquid = increase solubility of gas

41
Q

Effervescence

A

Fizzing

42
Q

If solute is added to a solvent, it _____ the boiling point and _______ the freezing point of the pure solvent

A

Raises, lowers

43
Q

Intramolecular forces

A

Forces that hold atoms together within a molecule

Chemistry (8 decks)

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