Chapter 14-15

Question 1

Intermolecular forces

Answer 1

Forces that attract molecules to each other
+ attracting -
Responsible for state of matter at room temperature

Question 2

Electrostatic attraction

Answer 2

Intermolecular forces

Question 3

Dipole

Answer 3

Molecule with a polar covalent bond
(One part is charged +, one part is charged -)
Temporary because electrons always moving

Question 4

Hydrogen bonding (IMF)

Answer 4

Strongest
Attraction between molecules containing very strong dipoles
In molecules containing hydrogen bonded to a very electronegative element
(H2O, NH3, HF)

Question 5

Dipole-dipole bonding (IMF)

Answer 5

Middle strength
Attraction between two dipole molecules
In all dipoles when they get close to each other
(H2S, HCl, HBr)

Question 6

(London) Dispersion Forces (IMF)

Answer 6

Weakest
Attraction between two non polar molecules
In all molecules, but major force of attraction in two non polar molecules
(CO2, Br2, I2)

Question 7

Substance with ______ IMF will probably be a gas at room temperature

Answer 7

Weak

Question 8

Substance with ________ IMF will probably be solid or liquid at room temperature

Answer 8

Strong

Question 9

Vapor Pressure

Answer 9

Measured when a liquid is placed in a sealed container at measured temperature and allowed to evaporate. Air above liquid becomes saturated with vapor.

Question 10

Equilibrium

Answer 10

For every molecule that evaporates, one condenses

Question 11

When do liquids boil

Answer 11

When the vapor pressure = atmosphere pressure

Question 12

As temperature of a liquid increases, vapor pressure above the liquid ______

Answer 12

Increases

Question 13

When there is a lower atmospheric pressure, the vapor pressure needed to boil is _______ so it boils at a _______ temperature

Answer 13

Lower

Question 14

Viscosity

Answer 14

A fluids resistance to flow

Question 15

Surface tension

Answer 15

The intermolecular attraction between the molecules at the surface of a liquid

Question 16

Sublimation

Answer 16

Solid > gas

Question 17

Deposition

Answer 17

Gas > solid

Question 18

Vaporization

Answer 18

Evaporation
Boiling
(Liquid > gas)

Question 19

Triple point

Answer 19

Point at which all three states of matter coexist

Question 20

Critical point

Answer 20

Point beyond which only gas is possible (supercritical fluid)

Question 21

Normal freezing point

Answer 21

At 1 ATM pressure, point at which melt/freeze

Question 22

Normal boiling point

Answer 22

At 1 ATM pressure, point at which boil/condense

Question 23

Solution

Answer 23

Evenly mixed throughout

Contains solute and solvent

Question 24

Solvent

Answer 24

Substance in greatest amount in a solution

Question 25

Solute

Answer 25

Substance in least amount in a solution

Question 26

Aqueous solution

Answer 26

Solution in which water is the solvent

Question 27

Most common solution mixes

Answer 27

Solid in liquid Liquid in liquid Gas in liquid Gas in gas

Question 28

Colloids

Answer 28

Not solution | Really small particles, stay suspended in the solvent, not really dissolved.

Question 29

Tyndall effect

Answer 29

Used to identify colloids | Shine light through

Question 30

Suspensions

Answer 30

Larger particles in a solvent, not really dissolved. | Let them settle to identify

Question 31

Solution formation

Answer 31

"Like dissolve like" Polar dissolve polar Non polar dissolve non polar Polar will not dissolve non polar

Question 32

Miscible

Answer 32

(Of liquids) | Forming a homogenous mixture when added together

Question 33

Immiscible

Answer 33

(Of liquids) | Not forming a homogenous mixture when added together

Question 34

Non electrolyte

Answer 34

A substance that doesn't readily ionize when dissolved or melted and is a poor conductor of electricity

Question 35

Concentration

Answer 35

A measure of how much solute is dissolved in a solution

Question 36

Concentrated

Answer 36

A lot of solute in a solution

Question 37

Dilute

Answer 37

Less solvent in a solution

Question 38

Molarity

Answer 38

Moles of solute divided by liters of solution

Question 39

Supersaturated solution

Answer 39

Created when you heat up solvent, dissolve more solute, slowly cool it down, the extra solution will stay dissolved

Question 40

Henry's law

Answer 40

(Gasses) | Increase in pressure over liquid = increase solubility of gas

Question 41

Effervescence

Answer 41

Fizzing

Question 42

If solute is added to a solvent, it _____ the boiling point and _______ the freezing point of the pure solvent

Answer 42

Raises, lowers

Question 43

Intramolecular forces

Answer 43

Forces that hold atoms together within a molecule