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PSY 202 > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a trait.

A

A trait is an enduring predisposition that influences our behaviour across many
situations

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2
Q

What is Personality

A

enduring characteristics and behaviours, a person’s typical way of
thinking, feeling, and behaving

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3
Q

Two Ways Personality is studied

A

Nomothetic approach vs ideographic approach

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4
Q

What determines Personality

A

Genetic factors
Shared environmental factors
Non-shared environmental factors

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5
Q

Psychic determinism:

A

psychological events have a
cause, inner forces at work

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6
Q

Symbolic meaning –

A

behind all actions

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7
Q

Unconscious motivation

A

we rarely know the true
reasons for our behaviour

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8
Q

Who created Psychoanalytic Theory

A

Sigmund Freud.

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9
Q

According to Freud. The ___ , ______, and ___ are the three agencies of the mind.

A

Id, Superego, Ego

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10
Q

What are the main Freudian Defense mechanisms

A

Repression
Denial
Reaction formation
Projection
Displacement
Rationalization (or intellectualization)
Sublimation

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11
Q

A defense mechanism in which a person forgets memories or ideas of a “threatening” thing

A

Repression

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12
Q

A defense mechanism in which a person forgets a “distressful” experience

A

Denial

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13
Q

A defense mechanism in which a person transforms a bad experience into a good one

A

Reaction Formation (I bully this girl because I hate her, although I actually like her)

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14
Q

A defense mechanism in which a person attributes their feelings or traits onto someone else

A

Projection

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15
Q

A defense mechanism in which a person changes an inappropriate impulse into a socially acceptable one on a lesser target

A

Displacement (don’t yell at boss but yell at wife)

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16
Q

A defense mechanism in which a person provides a reasonable explanation for bad feelings or actions.

A

Rationalization (or intellectualization)

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17
Q

A defense mechanism in which a person transform socially unacceptable impulses into
an accepted one

A

Sublimation (Going into army because your violent and angry) / (playing football because you have anger issues)

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18
Q

Daniel goes to the army because he loves fighting, what is this an example of?

A

Sublimation

19
Q

Freud’s psychosexual stage that involves the mouth

A

Oral stage

20
Q

Freud’s psychosexual stage that involves the anus

A

Anal stage

21
Q

Freud’s psychosexual stage that involves the genitals stimulation

A

Phallic stage

22
Q

Freud’s psychosexual stage that involves the mouth

A

Oral stage

23
Q

What is scenario of a daughter resenting her mother because of penis envy

A

Electra Complex

24
Q

What is scenario of a son resenting with his father because of sexual urges

A

Oedipus Complex

25
Q

What is Freud’s Latency stage

A

unconscious sexual impulses not as strong after Phallic stage

26
Q

What is Freud’s Genital stage

A

Sexual impulses reawaken towards others

27
Q

T/F “Is Psychoanalytic Theory impossible to be falsified “

A

True

28
Q

Alfred Adlers two main principles

A

Style of life: each individual’s way of achieving superiority.
Inferiority complex: low self-esteem can lead to overcompensation

29
Q

Who was responsible for the idea of “Collective Unconscious” and what is it

A

Carl Jung.
Collective unconscious: shared memories and history of ancestors based on archetypes

30
Q

What are Carl Jung’s archetypes

A

culturally-universal symbols (myths, motifs, characters) (The hero, jester,)

31
Q

Who created the Humanistic Model

A

Carl Rogers

32
Q

Carl Jung’s three components of personality

A

The organism
Self Worth
Conditions of Worth

33
Q

What were the main problems of early personality tests.

A

Were not “reliable” and didn’t have “validity”

34
Q

What explains why twins are much more likely to be similar in Personality

A

Genetic Components / Genetics

35
Q

Phrenology was a methodology for personality that regarded

A

head shape (extremely flawed)!!!!!!

36
Q

Physiognomy was a methodology for personality that regarded

A

facial characteristics (extremely flawed!!!!)

37
Q

T/ F Body types are good at predicting personality

A

False

38
Q

Costa and McCrae (1992) created which categorial system

A

Big 5 / OCEAN (O.C.E.A.N) —
Openness to Experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

39
Q

What type of personality test / measure has 4 criteria and 16 distinct types of personality

A

Meyers-Briggs

40
Q

What kind of personality test / measure includes a projective test of inkblots on paper

A

Rorschach

41
Q

Which kind of personality test / measure includes a image shown to an individual with directions to describe what they see

A

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

42
Q

Out of Meyers-Brigg, TAT, Rorschach, and OCEAN.. are they reliable?

A

No

43
Q

What is the effect named where there is a tendency to accept high base rate descriptors as accurate?

A

Barnum Effect.

44
Q

What are astrology readings a good example of.

A

Barnum Effect

PSY 202 (4 decks)

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