Chapter 14

Question 1

What is a trait.

Answer 1

A trait is an enduring predisposition that influences our behaviour across many
situations

Question 2

What is Personality

Answer 2

enduring characteristics and behaviours, a person’s typical way of
thinking, feeling, and behaving

Question 3

Two Ways Personality is studied

Answer 3

Nomothetic approach vs ideographic approach

Question 4

What determines Personality

Answer 4

Genetic factors
Shared environmental factors
Non-shared environmental factors

Question 5

Psychic determinism:

Answer 5

psychological events have a
cause, inner forces at work

Question 6

Symbolic meaning –

Answer 6

behind all actions

Question 7

Unconscious motivation

Answer 7

we rarely know the true
reasons for our behaviour

Question 8

Who created Psychoanalytic Theory

Answer 8

Sigmund Freud.

Question 9

According to Freud. The ___ , ______, and ___ are the three agencies of the mind.

Answer 9

Id, Superego, Ego

Question 10

What are the main Freudian Defense mechanisms

Answer 10

Repression
Denial
Reaction formation
Projection
Displacement
Rationalization (or intellectualization)
Sublimation

Question 11

A defense mechanism in which a person forgets memories or ideas of a “threatening” thing

Answer 11

Repression

Question 12

A defense mechanism in which a person forgets a “distressful” experience

Answer 12

Denial

Question 13

A defense mechanism in which a person transforms a bad experience into a good one

Answer 13

Reaction Formation (I bully this girl because I hate her, although I actually like her)

Question 14

A defense mechanism in which a person attributes their feelings or traits onto someone else

Answer 14

Projection

Question 15

A defense mechanism in which a person changes an inappropriate impulse into a socially acceptable one on a lesser target

Answer 15

Displacement (don’t yell at boss but yell at wife)

Question 16

A defense mechanism in which a person provides a reasonable explanation for bad feelings or actions.

Answer 16

Rationalization (or intellectualization)

Question 17

A defense mechanism in which a person transform socially unacceptable impulses into
an accepted one

Answer 17

Sublimation (Going into army because your violent and angry) / (playing football because you have anger issues)

Question 18

Daniel goes to the army because he loves fighting, what is this an example of?

Answer 18

Sublimation

Question 19

Freud’s psychosexual stage that involves the mouth

Answer 19

Oral stage

Question 20

Freud’s psychosexual stage that involves the anus

Answer 20

Anal stage

Question 21

Freud’s psychosexual stage that involves the genitals stimulation

Answer 21

Phallic stage

Question 22

Freud’s psychosexual stage that involves the mouth

Answer 22

Oral stage

Question 23

What is scenario of a daughter resenting her mother because of penis envy

Answer 23

Electra Complex

Question 24

What is scenario of a son resenting with his father because of sexual urges

Answer 24

Oedipus Complex

Question 25

What is Freud's Latency stage

Answer 25

unconscious sexual impulses not as strong after Phallic stage

Question 26

What is Freud's Genital stage

Answer 26

Sexual impulses reawaken towards others

Question 27

T/F "Is Psychoanalytic Theory impossible to be falsified "

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Alfred Adlers two main principles

Answer 28

Style of life: each individual’s way of achieving superiority. Inferiority complex: low self-esteem can lead to overcompensation

Question 29

Who was responsible for the idea of "Collective Unconscious" and what is it

Answer 29

Carl Jung. Collective unconscious: shared memories and history of ancestors based on archetypes

Question 30

What are Carl Jung's archetypes

Answer 30

culturally-universal symbols (myths, motifs, characters) (The hero, jester,)

Question 31

Who created the Humanistic Model

Answer 31

Carl Rogers

Question 32

Carl Jung's three components of personality

Answer 32

The organism Self Worth Conditions of Worth

Question 33

What were the main problems of early personality tests.

Answer 33

Were not "reliable" and didn't have "validity"

Question 34

What explains why twins are much more likely to be similar in Personality

Answer 34

Genetic Components / Genetics

Question 35

Phrenology was a methodology for personality that regarded

Answer 35

head shape (extremely flawed)!!!!!!

Question 36

Physiognomy was a methodology for personality that regarded

Answer 36

facial characteristics (extremely flawed!!!!)

Question 37

T/ F Body types are good at predicting personality

Answer 37

False

Question 38

Costa and McCrae (1992) created which categorial system

Answer 38

Big 5 / OCEAN (O.C.E.A.N) --- Openness to Experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

Question 39

What type of personality test / measure has 4 criteria and 16 distinct types of personality

Answer 39

Meyers-Briggs

Question 40

What kind of personality test / measure includes a projective test of inkblots on paper

Answer 40

Rorschach

Question 41

Which kind of personality test / measure includes a image shown to an individual with directions to describe what they see

Answer 41

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Question 42

Out of Meyers-Brigg, TAT, Rorschach, and OCEAN.. are they reliable?

Answer 42

No

Question 43

What is the effect named where there is a tendency to accept high base rate descriptors as accurate?

Answer 43

Barnum Effect.

Question 44

What are astrology readings a good example of.

Answer 44

Barnum Effect