chapter 14 Flashcards
hereditary
error in the genetic code received by parents
congenital
caused by drugs ( legal and illegal) exposures and infections
nutritional
lack of some essential in diet
degenerative
from aging
endocrine
due to stress
tumors
abnormal growth
latorginc
caused by medical treatment ( gets from being in the hospital
idiopathic
unknown cause
healthcare-associated
acquire in health care setting
what are the exceptions to and difficulties in satisfying Koch’s postulates
- organisms that cannot be cultured in a lab
- cofactors
3.ethical considerations - polymicrobial infections
- overlooked pathogens
what areas does resident microbiota cover
only colonizes certain areas
help prevent diseases
what is transient microbes
traveling or temporary
what are opportunistic pathogens?
don’t cause diseases unless the opportunity is given
ex; staph
portals of entry
sites where pathogens enter the body
first portal of entry
is the skin
second portal of entry
mucous membrane
third portal of entry
placenta
if crosses the placenta it can affect the fetus
parental is known for what type of portal
fake portal
what is avirulent
non- diseases causing
extracellular enzymes
help with the invasion of host tissues
immune system avoidance
exotoxins
are produce by gram + and –
are highly toxic
3 types
( living bacteria)
what are the 3 types of exotoxins
- cytotoxins - attacks tissue
2.neurotoxins- nerves brain - enterotoxin- Gi tract
endotoxins
produce when gram - dies
low toxic
fatal in high doses
trigger inflammatory response
not protein so not useful in vaccines
antiphagocytic
avoid the immune response
slow/prevent phygocytosis
