Chapter 13: Workings of the State (Sec 4) Flashcards
1) How did Hitler begin to expand the SA once he gained power?
2) What did the membership of the SA grow to by January 1934?
1) Hitler used state resources to expand the SA, since their violence and terror were vital weapons in his struggle to eliminate opposition.
2) From a membership of 500,000 in January 1933, the organisation grew to around 3 million strong by January 1934.
How did the actions of the SA gain legal authority?
1) In late February 1933, the SA and the Stahlhelm were merged and became recognised as “auxiliary police”.
2) Orders were issues to the regular police forces forbidding them from interfering with SA activities.
What did the SA do after their actions gained legal authority?
1) Using their new profound powers, the SA unleashed a sustained assault on trade union and KPD offices, as well as on the homes of left wing politicians.
2) On February 5th, a young Nazi shot dead the SPD mayor of a small town in Prussia, and later in the month, a communist was killed in clashes with the SA.
3) Thousands of communists, socialists and trade unionists were rounded up and imprisoned in makeshift concentration camps.
When was the first permanent concentration camp in Germany established?
1) 8th March 1933, with accommodation for over 5000 people.
How many people had been arrested by July 1933?
1) over 26,000 political prisoners had been arrested by the SA.
When did the Reichstag Fire occur? What happened?
1) 27th February 1933
2) A young Dutch communist, Marinus van der Lubbe was arrested and charged with causing the fire.
What was the Decree for the Protection of the People and the State?
1) The decree suspended important civil and political rights that had been guaranteed under the Weimar constitution.
2) Police were given increased powers to arrest, detain without charge those deemed to be a threat to state security. The police also gained powers to enter and search private premises
What was the Decree for the Protection of the People and the State primarily designed for?
1) It was primarily designed to legalise a full-scale attack on the communists.
What did the SA and police do after the passing of the Decree for the Protection of the People and the State?
1) The SA launched a ferocious campaign of violence. The police arrested 10,000 communists in two weeks.
How was the election of March 1933 conducted?
1) The SA controlled the streets, many Nazi opponents had been locked up.
2) The offices of the SPD and the KPD had been smashed up and their funds confiscated.
3) It had become impossible for the left to organise election meetings and their posters were removed as soon as they were put up.
4) Nazi propaganda machine flooded the country with posters, leaflets, radio broadcasts, election rallies and parades.
What were the results of the March 1933 election?
1) The Nazis won 43.9% of the vote, however this was not as much as Hitler had hoped and expected.
2) Despite the violence and intimidation, SPD and communist support had held up remarkably well, as did support for the Centre.
3) The most significant point of the election was the fact that nearly 64% of the electorate didn’t vote for the Nazis.
4) With the support of their DNVP allies, the Nazis now had a Reichstag majority.
When was the first meeting of the new Reichstag? What was Hitlers aim for it?
1) 23rd March 1933
2) Hitlers sole aim was to secure the 2/3rds majority needed for his Enabling Act.
What was the Enabling Act?
1) A law that would allow him to make laws without the approval of the Reichstag ad without reference to the President, for a period of 4 years.
2) Hitler was also given the power to make treaties with foreign states without the Reichstag’s approval.
How did Hitler get the 2/3rds majority for the Enabling Act?
1) By offering the Centre Party the reassurance that he would not use his powers without first consulting Hindenburg, Hitler won its support.
When was the Enabling Act passed?
1) 24th March 1933.