Chapter 1.3 (Types of processor) Flashcards
What are the two main types of processor architecture?
Von Neumann and Harvard
What are the features of a Von Neumann architecture?
It uses the same data bus to transfer both data and instructions
It used the same address bus to transfer the addresses of data and instructions
What is the main feature of Harvard architecture?
- Physically separate memories for instructions and data
What are Harvard architecture processors prominently used in?
Harvard architecture is typically used in embedded systems
What is the unique property of the two separate memories in the Harvard architecture?
The two different memories can have different characteristics
I.e. Instructions may be held in ROM
While data can be held in read/ write memory
Why might Harvard be faster than Von Neumann architecture?
Because data and instructions can be fetched in parallel rather than competing for the same bus
Where is each type of processor architecture more commonly used?
Harvard = Embedded systems
Von Neumann = Conventional processors in PC’s servers and embedded systems with only control functions
How is data stores in each type of architecture?
Harvard = Separate data for instructions and data
Von Neumann = Data and programs share the same memory
How is data transferred through busses in both types of architecture?
Harvard = Parallel data and instruction busses
Von Neumann = One bus is used for data and instruction transfer
What are the sizes of programs comparatively between the two types of architectures?
Harvard = Programs tend to be large
Von Neumann = Programs can be optimised in size
What is CISC?
Complex Instruction Set Computers
What is RISC?
Reduced Instruction Set Computing
What requires more RAM, RISC or CISC?
RISC
What is more power efficient, RISC or CISC?
RISC
What is more expensive, RISC or CISC?
CISC
