Chapter 13: Treatment of Abnormal Behavior

Question 1

psychological disorder

Answer 1

a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior

Question 1

medical model

Answer 1

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

Question 2

epigenetics

Answer 2

“above” or “in addition to” (epi) genetics; the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change

Question 3

DSM-5

Answer 3

the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

Question 4

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Answer 4

a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

Question 5

anxiety disorders

Answer 5

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

Question 6

social anxiety disorder

Answer 6

intense fear and avoidance of social situations

Question 6

generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 6

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Question 7

panic

Answer 7

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minuteslong episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations; often followed by worry over a possible next attack

Question 8

agraphobia

Answer 8

fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic

Question 9

phobia

Answer 9

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

Question 10

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 10

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both

Question 11

posttraumatic stress disorder

Answer 11

a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

Question 12

major depressive disorder

Answer 12

a disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure

Question 13

bipolar disorder

Answer 13

a disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

Question 14

mania

Answer 14

a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common

Question 15

rumination

Answer 15

compulsive fretting; overthinking our problems and their causes

Question 16

schizophrenia

Answer 16

a disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression

Question 17

psychotic disorders

Answer 17

a group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality

Question 17

hallucinations

Answer 17

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

Question 18

delusions

Answer 18

a false belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

Question 19

chronic schizophrenia

Answer 19

a form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten

Question 20

acute schizophrenia

Answer 20

a form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age; frequently occurs in response to a traumatic event

Question 20

somatic symptom disorder

Answer 20

a psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause

Question 21

conversion disorder

Answer 21

a disorder related to somatic symptom disorder in which a person experiences very specific, physical symptoms that are not compatible with recognized medical or neurological conditions

Question 22

illness anxiety disorder

Answer 22

a disorder related to somatic symptom disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

Question 23

dissociative disorders

Answer 23

controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

Question 24

dissociative identity disorder

Answer 24

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities

Question 25

personality disorders

Answer 25

inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Question 25

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 25

a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

Question 26

anorexia nervosa

Answer 26

an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise

Question 27

bulimia nervosa

Answer 27

an eating disorder in which a person’s binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) is followed by inappropriate weight-loss promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

Question 28

binge-eating nervosa

Answer 28

significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory behavior that marks bulimia nervosa