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Sensation & Perception > Chapter 13- Touch > Flashcards

Chapter 13- Touch Flashcards

1
Q

Touch

A

The sensations caused by stimulation of the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints.

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2
Q

Tactile

A

Referring to the result of mechanical interactions with the skin.

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3
Q

Kinesthesia

A

Perception of the position and movement of our limbs in space.

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4
Q

Proprioception

A

Perception mediated by kinesthetic and internal receptors.

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5
Q

Somatosensation

A

Collectively, sensory signals from the skin, muscles, tendons, joints, and internal receptors.

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6
Q

Glabrous

A

In reference to skin, lacking hair.

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7
Q

A-alpha Fiber

A

A wide-diameter, myelinated sensory nerve fiber that transmits signals from proprioceptive receptors in muscles and tendons.

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8
Q

A-beta Fiber

A

A wide-diameter, myelinated sensory nerve fiber that transmits signals from mechanical stimulation.

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9
Q

A-delta Fiber

A

An intermediate-sized, myelinated sensory nerve fiber that transmits pain and temperature signals.

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10
Q

C Fiber

A

A narrow-diameter, unmyelinated sensory nerve fiber that transmits pain and temperature signals.

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11
Q

Mechanoreceptor

A

A sensory receptor that responds to mechanical stimulation (pressure, vibration, or movement).

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12
Q

Epidermis

A

The outer of two major layers of skin.

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13
Q

Dermis

A

The inner of two major layers of skin, consisting of nutritive and connective tissues, within which lie the mechanoreceptors.

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14
Q

Meissner Corpuscle

A

A specialized nerve ending associated with fast-adapting (FA 1) fibers that have small receptive fields.

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15
Q

Merkel Disc

A

A specialized nerve ending associated with slowly adapting (SA 1) fibers that have small receptive fields (also known as Merkel cell neurite complex).

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16
Q

Pacinian Corpuscle

A

A specialized nerve ending associated with fast-adapting (FA II) fibers that have large receptive fields.

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17
Q

Ruffini Ending

A

A specialized nerve ending associated with slowly adapting (SA II) fibers that have large receptive fields.

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18
Q

Kinesthetic

A

Referring to perception involving sensory mechanoreceptors in muscles, tendons, and joints.

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19
Q

Thermoreceptor

A

A sensory receptor that signals information about changes in skin temperature.

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20
Q

Warmth Fiber

A

A sensory nerve fiber that fires when skin temperature increases.

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21
Q

Cold Fiber

A

A sensory nerve fiber that fires when skin temperature decreases.

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22
Q

Free Nerve Ending

A

The terminus of a neural fiber without a specialized ending.

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23
Q

ThermoTRP Channel

A

Thermally sensitive transient receptor potential ion channel found in sensory neurons.

24
Q

Nociceptor

A

A sensory receptor that responds to painful input, such as extreme heat or pressure.

25
Q

C Tactile (CT) Afferent

A

A narrow-diameter, unmyelinated sensory nerve fiber that transmits signals from pleasant touch.

26
Q

Labeled Lines

A

A theory of sensory coding in which each nerve fiber carries a particular stimulus quality.

27
Q

Dorsal Horn

A

A region at the rear of the spinal cord that receives inputs from receptors in the skin.

28
Q

Somatotypical

A

Referring to normal somatosensation.

29
Q

Spinothalamic Pathway

A

The route from the spinal cord to the brain that carries most of the information about skin temperature and pain.

30
Q

Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscal (DCML) Pathway

A

The route from the spinal cord to the brain that carries signals from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints.

31
Q

Somatosensory Area 1 (S1)

A

The primary receiving area for touch in the cortex.

32
Q

Somatosensory Area 2 (S2)

A

The secondary receiving area for touch in the cortex.

33
Q

Somatotopic

A

Referring to spatial mapping in the somatosensory cortex in correspondence to spatial events on the skin.

34
Q

Homunculus

A

A map-like representation of regions in the body in the brain.

35
Q

Body Image

A

The mental representation of how our bodies appear in space.

36
Q

Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC)

A

A region of the brain associated with the perceived unpleasantness of a pain sensation.

37
Q

Substantia Gelatinosa

A

A region of interconnecting neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

38
Q

Gate Control Theory

A

A description of the pain-transmitting system that incorporates modulating signals from the brain.

39
Q

Analgesia

A

Decreasing pain sensation during conscious experience.

40
Q

Endogenous Opiate

A

A chemical released by the body that blocks the release or uptake of neurotransmitters necessary to transmit pain sensations to the brain.

41
Q

Placebo Effect

A

Decreasing pain sensation when people think they’re taking an analgesic drug but actually are not.

42
Q

Hyperalgesia

A

An increased or heightened response to a normally painful stimulus.

43
Q

Nocebo Effect

A

Increasing pain sensation when people expect pain.

44
Q

Neural Plasticity

A

The ability of neural circuits to undergo changes in function or organization as a result of previous activity.

45
Q

Phantom Limb

A

Sensation perceived from a physically amputated limb of the body.

46
Q

Biomimetic Feedback

A

A system that attempts to closely mimic biological signals.

47
Q

Two-Point Touch Threshold

A

The minimum distance at which two stimuli (e.g., two simultaneous touches) are just perceptible as separate.

48
Q

Haptic Perception

A

Knowledge of the world that is derived from sensory receptors in skin, muscles, tendons, and joints, usually involving active exploration.

49
Q

Exploratory Procedure

A

A stereotyped hand movement pattern used to touch objects in order to perceive their properties. Each procedure is best for determining one (or more) object properties.

50
Q

Tactile Agnosia

A

The inability to identify objects by touch.

51
Q

Frame of Reference

A

The coordinate system that used to define locations in space.

52
Q

Egocenter

A

The center of a reference frame used to represent locations relative to the body.

53
Q

Endogenous

A

In reference to spatial attention, a form of top-down (knowledge-driven) control in which attention is voluntarily directed toward the site where the observer anticipates a stimulus will occur.

54
Q

Exogenous

A

In reference to spatial attention, a form of bottom-up (stimulus-driven) attention reflexively (involuntarily) directed toward the site at which a stimulus has abruptly appeared.

55
Q

Electrostatic

A

An effect induced when the finger moves over a conductive surface, causing it to adhere; it is used in haptic devices to create friction.

Sensation & Perception (14 decks)

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