Chapter 13 - Theories of Personality Flashcards
The unique and relatively stable ways in which each individual thinks, acts, and feels is called
personality
Which of the following statements describes the relationship between temperament and personality?
Temperament, which we are born with, is the basis upon which one’s personality is built
When one thinks of “value judgment” in relation to personality, one is thinking about
character
The _____________ theory of personality has its basis in the theories of learning, and focuses on the effects of environment on one’s personal characteristics and actions.
behaviorist
Which theory of personality was a direct reaction against the psychoanalytic and behaviorist perspectives?
humanistic perspective
One limitation of the trait perspective compared to the other perspectives is there is not much ________.
explanation
Sigmund Freud’s theory came at a time in history when the predominant attitude toward sex was
repressed
Charise and Noreen were having a conversation about men. “You know,” Noreen said, “I think my husband tries to annoy me! Even though he tries to do what I ask, I think that subconsciously he really enjoys ticking me off to see the reactions he’ll get. Freud must have been right!” Charise, who has just studied personality psychology in school, corrects Noreen by saying which of the following?
“Well, Noreen, there really is no ‘subconscious’ in Freud’s theory!”
Freud believed that the _____________ was the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality.
unconscious mind
The conscious mind can be compared to
short-term memory
Which of Freud’s levels of consciousness consists of thoughts and feelings that can be easily brought into immediate awareness?
preconscious level
For Freud, the ideas, thoughts, and feelings of which we are currently aware are in the ______ mind
conscious
For Freud, material that we are not currently aware of but that can be easily recalled is in the ______ mind
preconscious
For Freud, thoughts and feelings that are well below the surface of awareness and cannot normally be recalled are in the ______ mind.
unconscious
“What did you have for lunch an hour ago?” Before I asked you that question, the information was in your
preconscious level
For Freud, the mind is divided into ___ levels
three
Many have compared Freud’s idea of the mind to an iceberg. If that were the case and you were standing on the deck of a ship in Alaska, what part of the mind would you see above the water?
ego
Freud named the most primitive part of the personality the id, which is a Latin word that means
it
If it feels good, do it” best describes the
id
In Sigmund Freud’s theory, the _______ operates according to the pleasure principle.
id
You are quite hungry but don’t have a dime to your name. If you were described as “all id and only id’” what would you do?
Steal a hot dog from the vendor on the corner
What is Freud’s term for the primitive, biological side of personality?
id
The pleasure principle is associated with which element of Freud’s personality theory?
id
For Freud, the only personality structure present at birth is the
id