Chapter 13- The Rise Of Modern Nations Flashcards
1066
The battle of Hastings under William he conquerer, turning point when England started becoming the nation they are today
Hundred Years’ War
War England vs France , inspired patriotism amongst French people
The treaty of verdun
Set in motion where countries were formed by the sons of Charlemagne
Hugh Capet
First king of the modern French nation, chosen by wealthy land owning French nobles to be king from ile de France
Phillip II
First to make the monarchy clearly stronger than the nobles. On the crusade of kings with Richard and outlived him, took a lot of English lands on the continent from king John
Moors
Muslims who were progressive in philosophy medicine and math etc had an influence in France for 800 years
Reconquista
Spain would begin these crusaders against the Muslims in their own country
Ferdinand and Isabella
Ferdinand was from Aragon Isabella was from Castillo they marry and bring unity to Spain as a nation and
Alfonso henriques
The first king of Portugal very successful in fighting the moors
When did the age of Portugal’s glory begin
Under John by 1400 Portugal is leading the way in trading and discovery with new lands
What did the rise of strong monarchies in Europe do
Substituted national governments for the irregular and conflicting authorities of feudalism paving the way for progress and civilization
Celts aka
Britons came from European mainland
Roman’s name for Britain
Britannia
Augustine
A missionary from pope Gregory brought the Roman church to England became the first Archbishop of Canterbury
The Archbishop of Canterbury
The most influential church office in England
Venerable bede
Translated the gospel of John into English wrote bible commentaries and deliberated BC and AD THE
The Danes
Vikings who had invaded and controlled England by 870
Alfred the great
The first great king of England
What are some of Alfred the greats accomplishments
He drove the Danes out of southern England
He established an army and a navy
He established a code of law based on the 10 commandments
He had great books translated into English
He made a running account of current events in the Anglosaxon chronicle
He occupies London
Who are the three men that wanted the vacant throne in the Norman conquest
Harald hardrata-Viking
William of Normandy
Harold Godwinson
What was William the conquerors influence
He brought the French language to London which Morphed with the Anglosaxon language to become modern English
He created the domesday book
He didn’t let the pope push him around which set a precedent for the English church
What was the domesday book
A census compiling information on all the property to be taxed
Shires and Reeves
Small units of property (counties).
Reeves are the people appointed to rule them
How did Henry I display wisdom in governing
- known for his fairness
- established the “charter of liberties” easing taxation
- established the “Exchecquer”, nobles who would act as judges over financial matters
First Plantagenet king of England
Henry II
What did Henry II do and what did it result in
-worked hard to reestablish unity
-common law began to develop
-established trial by jury
It resulted in giving the English people a deep respect for their law
John
The most hated king in English history because he was manipulated by both Phillip Augustus and pope innocent III
1215
At Runnymede, the nobles and clergy presented king John with one of the most important documents in the history of the world-The Magna Carta
What are the parts of the magma carta that would become a part of the English constitution
- No taxes could be levied without agreement by the Great Council (no taxation without representation)
- No denial or delay in justice (later to become the right to appear before a court before being imprisoned , called habeas corpus)
- No imprisonment without legal judgement (trail by jury and due process)
What is a constitution
The establishment of the written plan which sets up a government and its ruling principles
Simon DeMontfort
Led the nobles that took control of the government and called what is considered the first meeting of parliament in English history
French word- Parler means
To speak
What’s the difference between the Great council and the parliament
The GC was made up of nobles but the parliament included representatives from shires and towns as well as nobles. This was the seed that would grow into representative govt
Edward I
Established the model parliament that included two representatives from each shire or town
Under what king did parliament develop further by dividing into two parts
Edward I
Two parts of parliament
House of Lords (nobles and high church leaders)
House of Commons
Wycliffe
An important forerunner to the next ch of history
Who was the Hundred Years’ War between and what over
England v France. Over English claims on the French continent
What came out of the Hundred Years’ War for France
1 strong feeling of nationality
2. The establishment of absolute power monarchy
Joan of Arc
French woman whose claims of “divine voices declaring victory” led the weak king of France to allow her to lead troops into battle. After having success she was captured by the English and burned at the stake as a heretic. Jokes on them it only stirred up patriotism for France
The war of the roses
Civil war between the house of Lancaster (red) and the house of York (white)
What battle ended the war of roses
Battle of bosworth field
Who defeated the last York ruler
Henry Tudor
Who was the first Tudor king of England
Henry VII
What did the beginning of the modern age saw England as
Standing as an independent nation with a revolutionary system of giver beginning to develop. The struggle for freedom would be hampered, however, by the strong Tudor monarchs that would usher this new period in their history
Roman word for Spain
Espania
The ancient ppl that inhabited Iberian peninsula
Iberians
Phoenicians
Celts
Carthaginians
Who did the romans influence Spain
They became wealthy and romanized. The Spanish language is derived from Roman Latin and the fundamental laws of Spain are based in Roman laws
Spanish culture and religion and Roman culture and basically the same
How did he moors benefit Spain
Moorish cities prospered economically and culturally. Th y produced luxuries and untroduced new foods
Scholarship flourished
Purpose of the Spanish Inquisition
Destroy all heretics in Spain it accomplished killing and torturing people who refused Romanism
John Is reign marked the
Beginning of Portugal’s greatest days of glory b
What was Portugal like by the end of the Middle Ages
A strong nation vying for control of commerce in the orient and for territory in distant lands
Lusitania
The Roman word for Portugal
Hugh Capet was a what king
Capetian
Who made the French monarchy stronger than any other single noble in France
Phillip II
Earliest known inhabitants of British isles
Celts
Germanic tribes that invaded Britain during the 5th century
Angles
Saxons
Jutes
Who was the first great king of England
Alfred the great bc he laid the foundations of the great English navy, compiled an English code of law based on bibliography principles, promoted learning, and made Englishmen aware of their common history with the Anglo Saxon chronicle
Who won the battle of Hastings
William The conqueror
Scops
Saxon wandering poets who devised long poems about war hero’s
Most influential chu ch office in England
Archbishop of Canterbury
Danes
Group of Vikings that controlled most of England outside Wessex
Norman conquest
William he conquerors victory of the battle of Hastings
