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History > Chapter 13 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

How did the Treaty of Versailles and the Great Depression help lead to WW2?

A

The negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles were dominated by mainly US, Britain, France, seen as unjust by Germans. America sets up a plan to make amends with germany. Brought stability but mostly for the US. Kellogg-Briand Pact was put in place in the League of Nations to not use war as national policy. Then there was the economic crash.

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2
Q

What were some of the pre-war aggression we saw in Europe and Asia in the 1930s?

A

Germany started pumping money into their military, and started to try and merge troops in Rhineland area and Austria. There are some clashes between Japanese and Chinese army. Heavy fighting in Shanghai, the Rape of Nanking, and then Japan starts to take control of much of northern and eastern China over next two years.

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3
Q

Munich agreement

A

Purpose : to resolve crisis over a region in Czechoslovakia. Germany wanted the region and Britain and France agreed to avoid war. Hitler swore that germany wouldn’t ask any more of the Czechs. He went against this and invaded Czechoslovakia.

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4
Q

Nazi-Soviet Pact

A

Soviets and Nazi’s signed a non-aggression pact. Part of the deal was that the USSR would get part of Poland and Baltic lands.

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5
Q

How was the Nazi-Soviet Pact was broken

A

Germany invaded Poland (overtook it)

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6
Q

What were the two dictators groups that were taking over in Europe?

A

Mussolini and Hitler

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7
Q

What was the official “start” of World War 2?

A

September 1, 1939

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8
Q

By 1942, what were the two sides of the war?

A

Allied vs Axis

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9
Q

Describe the early success of Germany and Japan in the war?

A

Within 2 years, Nazi Germany controlled virtually all of Europe, and Japan defeated and occupied Vietnam

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10
Q

The unique styles of fighting (german)(japan)

A

(german) Used Blitzkrieg and Lightning War

(japan) used surprise attacks with Navy, Army, and Air Force.

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11
Q

STALINGRAD (battle)

A

It stopped the German advance into the Soviet Union and marked the turning of the tide of war in favor of the Allies.

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12
Q

D-DAY (battle)

A

Beginning with the Normandy beaches, the Allies pushed back against Axis forces until Germany was forced to surrender less than a year later.

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13
Q

MIDWAY (battle)

A

The Imperial Japanese Navy would not be capable of overcoming the loss of four carriers and over 100 trained pilots, and with the loss at Midway, the Japanese offensive in the Pacific was overturned and the United States began offensive action in the Pacific.

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14
Q

Victory in Europe (when and how)

A

Date - May 8th, 1945,

How - Allies win D- day, and Allies and Soviets converge on berlin

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15
Q

Victory in Japan (when and how)

A

Date- August 15, 1945 – September 2, 1945

How - atomic bomb

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16
Q

What groups were killed during the Holocaust?

A

Jews, soviet prisoner of wars, Romany, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals

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17
Q

How many are believed to have died in WW2

A

40-55 million dead

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18
Q

What was the method of destruction the Germans and Soviets carried out?

A

Bombing and scorched-earth policies

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19
Q

What were the two cities where the WW2 war crime trials were held?

A

Nuremberg and Tokyo

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20
Q

What was the impact of the trials in terms of convicting national leaders?

A

Established the principle that national leaders being brought to account before international community and showed that soldiers everywhere have a duty to disobey unlawful orders

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21
Q

How did Winston Churchill describe the split in Europe and what were the two differences?

A

divided by an “Iron Curtain” and democracy/ communism

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22
Q

What were the two ideologies and the two countries that were the main opponents in the Cold War?

A

Soviet communist and U.S. capitalist

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23
Q

Why was it called the “Cold War”?

A

there was no direct military engagement between the United States and the Soviet Union

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24
Q

Know the definition of a “proxy war”

A

conflict between two actors in which neither directly engages the other

25
Q

What event prior to the Cold War forever changed how war (or the threat of war) would be fought?

A

The atomic bomb

26
Q

What was NATO

A

the first peacetime military alliance the United States entered into outside of the Western Hemisphere

27
Q

WARSAW PACT

A

pledged the mutual defense of any member who would be attacked

28
Q

What countries were a part of NATO

A

United States, Canada, Belgium, Denmark, France, Italy, and the UK, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania

29
Q

What was the Marshall Plan?

A

U.S. program providing aid to Western Europe following the devastation of World War II

30
Q

What country had control over Korea from 1904 to 1945?

A

Japan

31
Q

short summary of the Korean War

A

began on June 25, 1950 and ended on Jul 27, 1953. North Korea was supported by China and the soviets. In the end, an armistice was signed agreeing that Korea would remain a divided country

32
Q

What did the Korean War do to America’s anti-communist commitments and NATO forces?

A

energized America’s anticommunist commitments and spurred a rapid increase in NATO forces.

33
Q

Describe the similarities between United States feelings between Japan and between West Germany, especially when looking how the relationships have changed from WW2 to the 1950s.

A

went from being the enemy in World War II to being a valued U.S. ally as the Cold War

34
Q

What were the two sides of the Chinese Civil War in the 1930s?

A

Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Nationalist Party

35
Q

Who was the leader of the Chinese communist movements?

A

Mao Zedong

36
Q

How did Mao Zedong gain so much support? (What were his policies?)

A

Advocating for lowering taxes
Cooperative farming, Women’s rights

37
Q

What was the impact of World War 2 on this revolution?

A

Went from 40k supporters to over a million, the USSR had become stronger

38
Q

What was the movement that Gandhi called for to protest British rule in India?

A

“No quit movement”

39
Q

What were the two factors that led Britain to give up rule of India and Africa?

A

combination of all the movements + the British money being depleted after WW2

40
Q

What two groups saw violence towards the end of British rule?

A

Hindus and Muslims

41
Q

What was the outcome of this fighting? (Two different states)

A

India and Pakistan

42
Q

What phrase is synonymous with the decolonization of Africa?

A

“Africa for Africans”

43
Q

What 3 groups led the uprising of nationalism in Africa in the 1940s-1950s?

A
  • Former Serviceman
  • The urban unemployed or underemployed, — The new young educated people
44
Q

What was the new culture that had been injected all throughout Africa during the decolonization period?

A

Negritude (civilized values which characterized black peoples)

45
Q

What was the outcome and impact of the Israeli-Arab War in 1949?

A

Israel in control of the Gaza Strip, the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank, and Jerusalem

46
Q

What European country desperately tried to hold onto Algeria?

A

France

47
Q

What was the first world?

A

Sought to organize the world on the basis of capitalism and democracy

48
Q

What was the Second World?

A

Determined to insulate itself from future aggression from the West, especially after what happened in WW2

49
Q

What was the Third World?

A

Represented the majority of the world’s population, but were oppressed

50
Q

What fear spread throughout the US during the Cold War?

A

Fear of communism

51
Q

What happened to Japan’s economy after WW2 and how were their relations with the United States?

A

Emergence of an economic powerhouse postwar , american protected japan

52
Q

What were some of the tensions that were in the FIRST WORLD?

A

Women issues (birth control)

Civil rights era (black rights)

Vietnam War protests (political protests)

53
Q

What did the launching of Sputnik do to people’s perception of the USSR?

A

Thought that the USSR could pass the US (first world)

54
Q

How did the Soviets and other Second World countries’ materials compare to the First World countries’? How did the citizens of Second World countries react to this?

A

They were not as nice, the citizens were hidden from that knowledge (propaganda)

55
Q

What were some of the tensions that were in the SECOND WORLD?

A

Yugoslavia, Poland & Hungary, The Prague Spring

56
Q

How did the First and Second Worlds view the Third World countries?

A

Underdeveloped

57
Q

How successful was Mao Zedong’s “Great Leap Forward”?

A

Not very successful, killed people and led to famine

58
Q

What Third World country saw the most social upheaval of any during the Cold War? (who led it)

A

Cuba, led by Fidel Castro

59
Q

What was the closest the world came to a nuclear global war?

A

The cuban missile crisis

History (3 decks)

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